Houehanou Yessito Corine Nadège, Lacroix Philippe, Mizehoun Gbedecon Carmelle, Preux Pierre-Marie, Marin Benoit, Houinato Dismand Stephan
INSERM UMR 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Limoges, France; Health ministry of Benin, National Non-communicable Diseases Control Program, Porto-Novo, Benin; Faculty of health sciences of Cotonou (Benin), Laboratory of non-communicable and neurologic diseases epidemiology, Cotonou, Benin.
INSERM UMR 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Limoges, France; University hospital of Limoges (France), Department of vascular medicine, Limoges, France; University of Limoges (France), School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, CNRS FR 3503 GEIST, Limoges, France.
PLoS One. 2015 May 6;10(5):e0126441. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126441. eCollection 2015.
To describe and compare the prevalences of CVRF in urban and rural populations of Benin.
Subjects were drawn from participants in the Benin Steps survey, a nationwide cross-sectional study conducted in 2008 using the World Health Organisation (WHO) stepwise approach to surveillance of chronic disease risk factors. Subjects aged above 24 and below 65 years were recruited using a five-stage random sampling process within households. Sociodemographic data, behavioral data along with medical history of high blood pressure and diabetes mellitus were collected in Step 1. Anthropometric parameters and blood pressure were measured in Step 2. Blood glucose and cholesterol levels were measured in Step 3. CVRF were defined according to WHO criteria. The prevalences of CVRF were assessed and the relationships between each CVRF and the area of residence (urban or rural), were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression models.
Of the 6762 subjects included in the study, 2271 were from urban areas and 4491 were from rural areas. High blood pressure was more prevalent in urban than in rural areas, 29.9% (95% confidence intervals (95% CI): 27.4, 32.5) and 27.5% (95% CI: 25.6, 29.5) respectively, p = 0.001 (p-value after adjustment for age and gender). Obesity was more prevalent in urban than in rural areas, 16.4% (95% CI: 14.4, 18.4) and 5.9% (95% CI: 5.1, 6.7), p<0.001. Diabetes was more prevalent in urban than in rural areas, 3.3% (95% CI: 2.1, 4.5) and 1.8% (95% CI: 1.2, 2.4), p = 0.004. Conversely, daily tobacco smoking was more prevalent in rural than in urban areas, 9.3% (95% CI: 8.1, 10.4) and 4.3% (95% CI: 3.1, 5.6), p<0.001. No differences in raised blood cholesterol were noted between the two groups.
According to our data, CVRF are prevalent among adults in Benin, and variations between rural and urban populations are significant. It may be useful to take account of the heterogeneity in the prevalence of CVRF when planning and implementing preventive interventions.
描述并比较贝宁城乡人口中心血管危险因素（CVRF）的患病率。
研究对象来自贝宁阶梯调查的参与者，这是一项2008年开展的全国性横断面研究，采用世界卫生组织（WHO）慢性病危险因素监测的逐步方法。24岁以上65岁以下的研究对象通过家庭内五阶段随机抽样过程招募。在第一步收集社会人口统计学数据、行为数据以及高血压和糖尿病病史。在第二步测量人体测量参数和血压。在第三步测量血糖和胆固醇水平。CVRF根据WHO标准定义。评估CVRF的患病率，并使用多变量逻辑回归模型评估每个CVRF与居住地区（城市或农村）之间的关系。
纳入研究的6762名研究对象中，2271名来自城市地区，4491名来自农村地区。高血压在城市地区比农村地区更普遍，分别为29.9%（95%置信区间（95%CI）：27.4，32.5）和27.5%（95%CI：25.6，29.5），p = 0.001（年龄和性别调整后的p值）。肥胖在城市地区比农村地区更普遍，分别为16.4%（95%CI：14.4，18.4）和5.9%（95%CI：5.1，6.7），p<0.001。糖尿病在城市地区比农村地区更普遍，分别为3.3%（95%CI：2.1，4.5）和1.8%（95%CI：1.2，2.4），p = 0.004。相反，每日吸烟在农村地区比城市地区更普遍，分别为9.3%（95%CI：8.1，10.4）和4.3%（95%CI：3.1，5.6），p<0.001。两组之间在高胆固醇血症方面未发现差异。
根据我们的数据，CVRF在贝宁成年人中普遍存在，城乡人口之间存在显著差异。在规划和实施预防性干预措施时，考虑CVRF患病率的异质性可能会有所帮助。
