Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology , Oshawa, ON , Canada.
Crit Rev Toxicol. 2015 Jul;45(6):469-91. doi: 10.3109/10408444.2015.1038499. Epub 2015 May 6.
Research in environmental toxicology involving pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) has increased greatly over the last 10-15 years. Much research has been focused on the endocrine-disrupting potential of PPCPs, as they relate to negative population impacts of aquatic organisms. This review assesses the current data on the reported effects of PPCPs on fish reproduction with an emphasis on fecundity, a predictor of population effects. Studies of both individual PPCPs and PPCP mixtures are presented. As the majority of individual PPCP studies reviewed demonstrate negative effects on fish fecundity, we relate these findings to detected surface water concentrations of these compounds. Very few studies involving PPCP mixtures have been conducted; however, the need for these types of studies is warranted as fish are most likely exposed to mixtures of PPCPs in the wild. In addition, laboratory and field assessments of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents, a major source of PPCPs, are reviewed. Much of the data provided from these assessments are variable and do not generally demonstrate negative impacts on reproduction, or the studies are unable to directly associate observed effects with WWTP effluents. Finally, future research considerations are outlined to provide an avenue into understanding how wild populations of fish are affected by PPCPs. These considerations are aimed at determining the adaptation potential of fish exposed to mixtures of PPCPs over multiple generations. As global use of PPCPs continually rises, the need to discern the effects of chronic exposure to PPCPs is greatly increased.
在过去的 10-15 年中，环境毒理学领域中涉及药品和个人护理产品（PPCPs）的研究大幅增加。许多研究都集中在 PPCPs 的内分泌干扰潜力上，因为它们与水生生物的负面种群影响有关。本综述评估了目前关于 PPCPs 对鱼类繁殖影响的报告数据，重点关注生育力，这是种群影响的预测指标。同时介绍了对个别 PPCP 和 PPCP 混合物的研究。由于大多数单独的 PPCP 研究都表明对鱼类生育力有负面影响，因此我们将这些发现与这些化合物在地表水中的检出浓度联系起来。涉及 PPCP 混合物的研究很少；但是，需要进行这些类型的研究，因为鱼类在野外最有可能接触到 PPCP 的混合物。此外，还对污水处理厂（WWTP）废水这一 PPCP 的主要来源的实验室和现场评估进行了审查。这些评估提供的大部分数据都是可变的，通常不会对繁殖产生负面影响，或者研究无法将观察到的影响直接与 WWTP 废水联系起来。最后，概述了未来的研究考虑因素，为了解鱼类的野生种群如何受到 PPCP 的影响提供了途径。这些考虑因素旨在确定暴露于多种 PPCP 混合物中的鱼类的适应潜力。随着全球对 PPCP 的使用不断增加，迫切需要辨别慢性暴露于 PPCP 的影响。
