Doyle Colleen, Werner Elizabeth, Feng Tianshu, Lee Seonjoo, Altemus Margaret, Isler Joseph R, Monk Catherine
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.
New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY.
Dev Psychobiol. 2015 Jul;57(5):607-25. doi: 10.1002/dev.21317. Epub 2015 May 6.
Prenatal maternal distress is associated with an at-risk developmental profile, yet there is little fetal evidence of this putative in utero process. Moreover, the biological transmission for these maternal effects remains uncertain. In a study of n = 125 pregnant adolescents (ages 14-19), ambulatory assessments of daily negative mood (anger, frustration, irritation, stress), physical activity, blood pressure, heart rate (every 30 min over 24 hr), and salivary cortisol (six samples) were collected at 13-16, 24-27, 34-37 gestational weeks. Corticotropin-releasing hormone, C-reactive protein, and interleukin 6 from blood draws and 20 min assessments of fetal heart rate (FHR) and movement were acquired at the latter two sessions. On average, fetuses showed development in the expected direction (decrease in FHR, increase in SD of FHR and in the correlation of movement and FHR ("coupling")). Maternal distress characteristics were associated with variations in the level and trajectory of fetal measures, and results often differed by sex. For males, greater maternal 1st and 2nd session negative mood and 2nd session physical activity were associated with lower overall FHR (p < .01), while 1st session cortisol was associated with a smaller increase in coupling (p < .01), and overall higher levels (p = .05)-findings suggesting accelerated development. For females, negative mood, cortisol, and diastolic blood pressure were associated with indications of relatively less advanced and accelerated outcomes. There were no associations between negative mood and biological variables. These data indicate that maternal psychobiological status influences fetal development, with females possibly more variously responsive to different exposures.
产前母亲的情绪困扰与发育风险状况相关，但几乎没有胎儿方面的证据表明存在这种假定的子宫内过程。此外，这些母亲影响的生物学传递仍不明确。在一项针对n = 125名怀孕青少年（年龄在14 - 19岁）的研究中，在妊娠13 - 16周、24 - 27周、34 - 37周收集了日常负面情绪（愤怒、沮丧、烦躁、压力）、身体活动、血压、心率（24小时内每30分钟一次）和唾液皮质醇（六个样本）的动态评估数据。在后两个阶段采集了血液中的促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素、C反应蛋白和白细胞介素6，以及20分钟的胎儿心率（FHR）和胎动评估数据。平均而言，胎儿表现出预期方向的发育（FHR下降、FHR标准差增加以及胎动与FHR的相关性（“耦合”）增加）。母亲的情绪困扰特征与胎儿测量指标的水平和轨迹变化相关，而且结果常常因性别而异。对于男性，母亲第一和第二阶段的更高负面情绪以及第二阶段的身体活动与总体较低的FHR相关（p < .01），而第一阶段的皮质醇与耦合增加较小相关（p < .01）以及总体水平较高相关（p = .05）——这些结果表明发育加速。对于女性，负面情绪、皮质醇和舒张压与相对不太成熟和加速的结果迹象相关。负面情绪与生物学变量之间没有关联。这些数据表明母亲的心理生物学状态会影响胎儿发育，女性可能对不同暴露的反应更为多样。
