Morvannou A, Forquet N, Michel S, Troesch S, Molle P
Irstea - Wastewater treatment team - Freshwater system, Ecology and Pollution Research Unit, 5 rue de la Doua, CS 70077, Villeurbanne Cedex 69 626, France E-mail:
Epur Nature - 12 rue Toussaint Fléchaire, Caumont-sur-Durance 84 510, France.
Water Sci Technol. 2015;71(9):1333-9. doi: 10.2166/wst.2015.089.
Approximately 3,500 constructed wetlands (CWs) provide raw wastewater treatment in France for small communities (<5,000 people equivalent). Built during the past 30 years, most consist of two vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) in series (stages). Many configurations exist, with systems associated with horizontal flow filters or waste stabilization ponds, vertical flow with recirculation, partially saturated systems, etc. A database analyzed 10 years earlier on the classical French system summarized the global performances data. This paper provides a similar analysis of performance data from 415 full-scale two-stage VFCWs from an improved database expanded by monitoring data available from Irstea and the French technical department. Trends presented in the first study are confirmed, exhibiting high chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS) and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) removal rates (87%, 93% and 84%, respectively). Typical concentrations at the second-stage outlet are 74 mgCOD L(-1), 17 mgTSS L(-1) and 11 mgTKN L(-1). Pollutant removal performances are summarized in relation to the loads applied at the first treatment stage. While COD and TSS removal rates remain stable over the range of applied loads, the spreading of TKN removal rates increases as applied loads increase.
在法国，约有3500座人工湿地为小型社区（相当于人口小于5000人）处理原废水。这些人工湿地建于过去30年，大多数由两个串联（阶段）的垂直流人工湿地组成。存在多种配置，包括与水平流过滤器或废物稳定塘相关的系统、带循环的垂直流、部分饱和系统等。10年前对经典法国系统进行分析的一个数据库总结了整体性能数据。本文对来自415个全尺寸两级垂直流人工湿地的性能数据进行了类似分析，该数据库通过法国国立农业环境与水利工程研究所（Irstea）和法国技术部门提供的监测数据得到了扩展。第一项研究中呈现的趋势得到了证实，化学需氧量（COD）、总悬浮固体（TSS）和凯氏氮总量（TKN）的去除率很高（分别为87%、93%和84%）。第二阶段出水口的典型浓度分别为74mgCOD L⁻¹、17mgTSS L⁻¹和11mgTKN L⁻¹。污染物去除性能根据第一处理阶段施加的负荷进行总结。虽然COD和TSS去除率在施加负荷范围内保持稳定，但TKN去除率的离散度随着施加负荷的增加而增大。
