Hidalgo Alyssa, Brandolini Andrea, Ratti Simona
Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari e Microbiologiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.
J Agric Food Chem. 2009 Jul 22;57(14):6342-8. doi: 10.1021/jf901180q.
To evaluate the effect of genotype, year, and location on protein, lipid, tocol, and lutein content and on fatty acids composition of wholemeal flour, five einkorns (Triticum monococcum L. ssp. monococcum) and one control bread wheat were cropped in Italy for two years in four different locations. Genotype and year exerted major effects on protein, tocotrienol, and lutein contents, while tocopherol and lipid contents were influenced only by the genotype. The concentrations of linoleic, oleic, and palmitic acids (the most abundant among the 14 fatty acids identified), as well as of saturated (SFA), monosaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids, differed between einkorns and control and, to some extent, years were constant across locations. Notwithstanding the environmental variation, all einkorns consistently showed higher protein (on average, +59%), lipid (+50%), tocotrienol (+88%), total tocol (+46%), lutein (+483%), and MUFA (+53%) content, along with lower SFA (-21%) and PUFA (-8%) than the bread wheat control.
为评估基因型、年份和种植地点对全麦粉中蛋白质、脂质、生育三烯酚、叶黄素含量以及脂肪酸组成的影响，在意大利的四个不同地点对五个单粒小麦品种（一粒小麦亚种一粒小麦）和一个对照面包小麦品种进行了两年的种植。基因型和年份对蛋白质、生育三烯酚和叶黄素含量有主要影响，而生育酚和脂质含量仅受基因型影响。亚油酸、油酸和棕榈酸（在所鉴定的14种脂肪酸中含量最高）以及饱和脂肪酸（SFA）、单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）和多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）的浓度在单粒小麦和对照之间存在差异，并且在一定程度上，年份在不同地点是恒定的。尽管存在环境差异，但所有单粒小麦始终显示出比面包小麦对照更高的蛋白质（平均提高59%）、脂质（提高50%）、生育三烯酚（提高88%）、总生育酚（提高46%）、叶黄素（提高483%）和MUFA（提高53%）含量，以及更低的SFA（降低21%）和PUFA（降低8%）含量。
