Järvinen J, Kullaa-Mikkonen A, Kotilainen R
Proc Finn Dent Soc. 1989;85(3):199-209.
As part of a larger study aimed at surveying the clinical, histological and immunohistochemical features of filiform atrophy and geographic and fissured tongue, this work presents the clinical findings of three patient groups and controls. 200 individuals were examined; 18 (9%) had atrophic tongue, 15 (7.5%) geographic tongue and 53 (26.5%) fissured tongue; further, 12 (6%) had hyperkeratotic lesions of the tongue and 102 (51%) subjects had no tongue lesions. According to the anamnestic information, patients with atrophic or geographic tongue seemed to have a stronger tendency toward allergy than subjects in other groups, while patients with atrophic tongue had more abnormalities of the heart and circulatory system. These tongue forms did not show any association with smoking or drinking habits, but hyperkeratotic lesions (leukoplakia, lichen planus, hairy tongue) of the tongue were clearly associated with moderate and heavy smoking. Atrophic, geographic and fissured tongue seem to be specific changes of the lingual mucosa; patients with these changes did not have more changes elsewhere on the oral mucosa than the controls. Patients with atrophic tongue had lowered rates of saliva secretion. Histologically, heavy inflammation was noted in fissured tongue. In geographic tongue, inflammation was moderate and in atrophic tongue often only mild. Each tongue form seems to have its own typical histological morphology.
作为一项旨在调查丝状萎缩、地图舌和沟纹舌的临床、组织学及免疫组化特征的大型研究的一部分，本研究展示了三组患者及对照组的临床研究结果。共检查了200人；其中18人（9%）患有萎缩性舌炎，15人（7.5%）患有地图舌，53人（26.5%）患有沟纹舌；此外，12人（6%）患有舌部角化过度病变，102人（51%）无舌部病变。根据既往信息，萎缩性或地图舌患者似乎比其他组的受试者有更强的过敏倾向，而萎缩性舌炎患者的心脏和循环系统异常更多。这些舌部形态与吸烟或饮酒习惯无任何关联，但舌部角化过度病变（白斑、扁平苔藓、毛舌）与中度及重度吸烟明显相关。萎缩性、地图舌和沟纹舌似乎是舌黏膜的特异性变化；有这些变化的患者口腔黏膜其他部位的变化并不比对照组更多。萎缩性舌炎患者的唾液分泌率降低。组织学上，沟纹舌可见重度炎症。地图舌炎症为中度，萎缩性舌炎通常仅为轻度。每种舌部形态似乎都有其典型的组织学形态。
