Koike Shinsuke, Yamaguchi Sosei, Ojio Yasutaka, Shimada Takafumi, Watanabe Kei-ichiro, Ando Shuntaro
Division for Counseling and Support, Office for Mental Health Support, The University of Tokyo, Yasuda-Auditorium, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan.
Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, 33 Bedford Place, London, WC1B 5JU, UK.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2015 Oct;50(10):1519-26. doi: 10.1007/s00127-015-1064-8. Epub 2015 May 7.
A name change for schizophrenia was first implemented in Japan for reducing stigma in 2002; however, little is known of its long-term impact.
Total 259 students from 20 universities answered an anonymous self-administered questionnaire about their mental health-related experiences, and stigma scales including feasible knowledge and negative stereotypes for four specific diseases, including schizophrenia (old and new names), depression, and diabetes mellitus. We also asked to choose the old and new names of schizophrenia and dementia among ten names for mental and physical illnesses and conditions.
The participants had more feasible knowledge and fewer negative stereotypes for the new name of schizophrenia than the old name, but were still significantly worse than for depression and diabetes mellitus (p < 0.01). Direct contact experiences with those who have mental health problems were associated with feasible knowledge for schizophrenia but not negative stereotypes (β = 0.13, p = 0.020). The rate of correct responses for the old and new names of schizophrenia was significantly lower than that of dementia (41 vs. 87%, p < 0.001). Mental health-related experience from media was associated with the recognition of name change for schizophrenia (p = 0.008), which was associated with less feasible knowledge for new name of schizophrenia.
The name change of schizophrenia has reduced stigma since 12 years have passed. More effective campaigns, educational curricula, and policy making are needed to reduce stigma toward schizophrenia.
2002年，日本首次对精神分裂症进行更名以减少污名化；然而，其长期影响鲜为人知。
来自20所大学的259名学生回答了一份关于他们心理健康相关经历的匿名自填问卷，以及包括对精神分裂症（新旧名称）、抑郁症和糖尿病等四种特定疾病的可行知识和负面刻板印象的污名量表。我们还要求他们在十种身心疾病和状况的名称中选择精神分裂症和痴呆症的新旧名称。
与精神分裂症的旧名称相比，参与者对其新名称有更多的可行知识和更少的负面刻板印象，但仍显著差于抑郁症和糖尿病（p<0.01）。与有心理健康问题的人直接接触的经历与对精神分裂症的可行知识相关，但与负面刻板印象无关（β=0.13，p=0.020）。精神分裂症新旧名称的正确回答率显著低于痴呆症（41%对87%，p<0.001）。来自媒体的心理健康相关经历与对精神分裂症更名的认知相关（p=0.008），这与对精神分裂症新名称的可行知识较少相关。
自精神分裂症更名已过去12年，污名化有所减少。需要开展更有效的宣传活动、教育课程和政策制定，以减少对精神分裂症的污名化。
