Metabolomics Unit and Platform, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, Technology Park of Bizkaia, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2015;15(7):907-23. doi: 10.1586/14737159.2015.1043272. Epub 2015 May 6.
Biomarkers are of great importance for prediction, diagnosis and monitoring the progression and therapeutic success of a disease. Whole body fluids, such as blood or urine, constitute the main desired biological source to identify these markers, mostly due to the minimally invasive procedures used to collect them. An additional benefit of studying these biological fluids that has been demonstrated by many different groups is that they contain cell-released extracellular vesicles, carrying a cargo of lipids, proteins and nucleic acids that reflects cell/tissue origin and, remarkably, cellular status. In this review, the information obtained from the characterization of this body fluid compartment in human samples is discussed in the context of its usefulness as diagnostic resource for several pathologies, including cancer, inflammatory, vascular and metabolic diseases. The review shows the great variety of methods used for this purpose as well as the different types of molecules that could serve as specific or common disease markers.
生物标志物对于疾病的预测、诊断和监测进展以及治疗效果具有重要意义。全身液体，如血液或尿液，构成了识别这些标志物的主要生物来源，主要是因为采集这些液体所采用的微创程序。许多不同的研究小组已经证明，研究这些生物液体的另一个好处是，它们包含细胞释放的细胞外囊泡，携带脂质、蛋白质和核酸的货物，反映细胞/组织的起源，而且令人惊讶的是，还反映细胞的状态。在这篇综述中，将讨论从人体样本中对这个体液区室的特征描述中获得的信息，因为其作为几种病理学（包括癌症、炎症、血管和代谢疾病）的诊断资源具有重要的应用价值。综述还展示了为此目的而使用的各种方法，以及可以作为特定或常见疾病标志物的不同类型的分子。
