免疫细胞衍生的细胞外囊泡——功能与治疗应用。
Immune Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles - Functions and Therapeutic Applications.
机构信息
Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden; These authors have contributed equally to this work.
Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden.
出版信息
Trends Mol Med. 2019 May;25(5):382-394. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.02.003. Epub 2019 Mar 7.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized vesicles with the capacity to transfer nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, and are released by all cells. EV is an umbrella term for exosomes originating from the endosomal compartment, microvesicles from the cell membrane, and apoptotic bodies released during apoptosis. EVs are being investigated for their role in health and disease, and as potential biomarkers, with newly developed FDA-approved assays reaching the market. Currently, both academic institutions and industrial ventures are developing clinical trials to use EVs in diseases such as cancer, graft-versus-host disease, and neurodegenerative diseases. This review describes and discusses current understanding of the functions of immune cell-derived exosomes and microvesicles, and how they might be explored for immunotherapy.
细胞外囊泡 (EV) 是一种具有转移核酸、蛋白质和脂质能力的纳米大小囊泡，由所有细胞释放。EV 是一个伞状术语，包括源自内体区室的外泌体、源自细胞膜的微泡和细胞凋亡期间释放的凋亡小体。EV 因其在健康和疾病中的作用以及作为潜在生物标志物而受到研究，新开发的获得 FDA 批准的检测方法已进入市场。目前，学术机构和工业企业都在开发临床试验，以将 EV 用于癌症、移植物抗宿主病和神经退行性疾病等疾病。本综述描述并讨论了目前对免疫细胞衍生的外泌体和微泡的功能的理解，以及如何探索它们用于免疫疗法。
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