The effects of clonidine and yohimbine on human information processing.

The effects of clonidine and yohimbine on human information processing were tested in six normal volunteers ages 18-30 years. Subjects were tested in a pre-post design with sessions conducted at weekly intervals. Three drug conditions were: Placebo (lactose), 0.2 mg clonidine, and 30 mg yohimbine. Two choice reaction time (RT) tasks were used. One was a stimulus evaluation-response selection task (SERS) that has been shown to be sensitive to d-amphetamine, methylphenidate and scopolamine. The other task was to assess stimulus pre-processing and used spatial frequency as a discriminative stimulus. The principle finding was that clonidine slowed RT; this effect was significant for both tasks. In contrast, yohimbine tended to speed RT, but the effects were significant only for the spatial frequency task on some analyses while not for others. RTs to high spatial frequency stimuli were speeded more than for low spatial frequency. The effects of these two NE drugs were compared with findings with d-amphetamine and scopolamine and interpreted within the framework of a serial information processing model proposed by Callaway (1983). Specifically, it is suggested that yohimbine and clonidine affect an early pre-processing stage.