Iwasaki Masanori, Yoshihara Akihiro, Ito Kayoko, Sato Misuzu, Minagawa Kumiko, Muramatsu Kanako, Watanabe Reiko, Manz Michael C, Ansai Toshihiro, Miyazaki Hideo
Division of Preventive Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
Division of Community Oral Health Development, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan.
Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2016 Apr;16(4):500-7. doi: 10.1111/ggi.12500. Epub 2015 May 8.
Saliva is important for maintaining oral function and regulating oral health. Reduced saliva flow rate, which is common among older adults, has been reported to be associated with perceived chewing and swallowing difficulties; however, its relationship to actual nutrient intake is unclear. The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to evaluate the relationship between hyposalivation and nutrient intake among older Japanese adults.
The participants were 352 community-based Japanese aged 80 years. A stimulated salivary flow rate <0.5 mL/min was defined as hyposalivation. Multivariable analysis of differences in nutrient and food intake outcome variables, which were collected through a validated food frequency questionnaire, between groups with/without hyposalivation was carried out using general linear models. Models included adjustment for number of teeth, denture use, sex, income, education, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol use, diabetes, medication, activities of daily living, depression and total calorie intake.
The hyposalivation group had significantly lower intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, potassium, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin B6 and folate than the group without hyposalivation (P < 0.05) after adjusting for confounders. Vegetable, fish and shellfish consumption was significantly lower in the hyposalivation group (P < 0.05).
Dietary intake was poorer in those with hyposalivation than among those without. A decrease in stimulated salivary flow rate could have negative effects on geriatric nutrition.
唾液对于维持口腔功能和调节口腔健康至关重要。据报道，老年人中常见的唾液流速降低与咀嚼和吞咽困难的感知有关；然而，其与实际营养摄入的关系尚不清楚。本横断面研究的目的是评估日本老年人群中唾液分泌减少与营养摄入之间的关系。
参与者为352名80岁的日本社区居民。刺激唾液流速<0.5 mL/分钟被定义为唾液分泌减少。使用一般线性模型对通过有效食物频率问卷收集的、有/无唾液分泌减少组之间营养和食物摄入结果变量的差异进行多变量分析。模型包括对牙齿数量、假牙使用情况、性别、收入、教育程度、体重指数、吸烟状况、饮酒情况、糖尿病、用药情况、日常生活活动、抑郁和总热量摄入的调整。
在调整混杂因素后，唾液分泌减少组的n-3多不饱和脂肪酸、钾、维生素D、维生素E、维生素B6和叶酸摄入量显著低于无唾液分泌减少组（P<0.05）。唾液分泌减少组的蔬菜、鱼类和贝类消费量显著较低（P<0.05）。
唾液分泌减少者的饮食摄入量比无唾液分泌减少者差。刺激唾液流速降低可能对老年营养产生负面影响。
