Department of Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Hangzhou, China.
National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023 Feb 3;14:1061235. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1061235. eCollection 2023.
The production and secretion of saliva is an essential function of the salivary glands. Saliva is a complicated liquid with different functions, including moistening, digestion, mineralization, lubrication, and mucosal protection. This review focuses on the mechanism and neural regulation of salivary secretion, and saliva is secreted in response to various stimuli, including odor, taste, vision, and mastication. The chemical and physical properties of saliva change dynamically during physiological and pathophysiological processes. Moreover, the central nervous system modulates salivary secretion and function various neurotransmitters and neuroreceptors. Smell, vision, and taste have been investigated for the connection between salivation and brain function. The immune and endocrine functions of the salivary glands have been explored recently. Salivary glands play an essential role in innate and adaptive immunity and protection. Various immune cells such as B cells, T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells, as well as immunoglobins like IgA and IgG have been found in salivary glands. Evidence supports the synthesis of corticosterone, testosterone, and melatonin in salivary glands. Saliva contains many potential biomarkers derived from epithelial cells, gingival crevicular fluid, and serum. High level of matrix metalloproteinases and cytokines are potential markers for oral carcinoma, infectious disease in the oral cavity, and systemic disease. Further research is required to monitor and predict potential salivary biomarkers for health and disease in clinical practice and precision medicine.
唾液的产生和分泌是唾液腺的基本功能。唾液是一种具有不同功能的复杂液体，包括湿润、消化、矿化、润滑和黏膜保护。本综述重点介绍唾液分泌的机制和神经调节，唾液是对各种刺激（包括气味、味道、视觉和咀嚼）的反应而分泌的。在生理和病理生理过程中，唾液的化学和物理性质会发生动态变化。此外，中枢神经系统通过各种神经递质和神经受体调节唾液分泌和功能。嗅觉、视觉和味觉已经被研究用于探索唾液分泌和大脑功能之间的联系。唾液腺的免疫和内分泌功能最近也得到了探索。唾液腺在先天和适应性免疫以及保护中起着至关重要的作用。各种免疫细胞，如 B 细胞、T 细胞、巨噬细胞和树突状细胞，以及免疫球蛋白如 IgA 和 IgG，都在唾液腺中被发现。有证据表明皮质酮、睾酮和褪黑素在唾液腺中合成。唾液中包含许多源自上皮细胞、龈沟液和血清的潜在生物标志物。高水平的基质金属蛋白酶和细胞因子是口腔癌、口腔感染性疾病和系统性疾病的潜在标志物。需要进一步的研究来监测和预测临床实践和精准医学中健康和疾病的潜在唾液生物标志物。
