Das Samarjit, Halushka Marc K
Division of Cardiovascular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Division of Cardiovascular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Cardiovasc Pathol. 2015 Jul-Aug;24(4):199-206. doi: 10.1016/j.carpath.2015.04.007. Epub 2015 Apr 28.
microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small regulatory RNAs that decrease protein translation to fine-tune cellular function. Recently, miRNAs were found to transfer from a donor cell into a recipient cell via exosomes and microparticles. These microvesicles are found in blood, urine, saliva, and other fluid compartments. miRNAs are delivered with intact functionality and have been repeatedly shown to regulate protein expression in recipient cells in a paracrine fashion. Thus, transported miRNAs are a new class of cell-to-cell regulatory species. Exosomal miRNA transfer is now being reported in cardiovascular systems and disease. In the blood vessels, this transfer modulates atherosclerosis and angiogenesis. In the heart, it modulates heart failure, myocardial infarction, and response to ischemic preconditioning. This review describes our current understanding of extracellular vesicle miRNA transfer, demonstrating the roles of miR-126, miR-146a, miR-143, and other miRNAs being shuttled from endothelial cells, stem cells, fibroblasts and others into myocytes, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells to activate cellular changes and modulate disease phenotypes.
微小RNA（miRNA）是一类小的调节性RNA，可减少蛋白质翻译以微调细胞功能。最近，发现miRNA通过外泌体和微粒从供体细胞转移到受体细胞。这些微泡存在于血液、尿液、唾液和其他体液中。miRNA以完整的功能被递送，并已反复证明以旁分泌方式调节受体细胞中的蛋白质表达。因此，转运的miRNA是一类新型的细胞间调节物质。目前在心血管系统和疾病中报道了外泌体miRNA转移。在血管中，这种转移调节动脉粥样硬化和血管生成。在心脏中，它调节心力衰竭、心肌梗死以及对缺血预处理的反应。本综述描述了我们目前对外细胞囊泡miRNA转移的理解，展示了miR-126、miR-146a、miR-143和其他miRNA从内皮细胞、干细胞、成纤维细胞等穿梭到心肌细胞、内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞中以激活细胞变化并调节疾病表型的作用。
