Yong-Rodríguez Adrián, Macías-Weinmann Alejandra, Palma-Gómez Samuel, Arias-Cruz Alfredo, Pérez-Vanzzini Rafael, Gutiérrez-Mujica José Julio, González-Díaz Sandra Nora
Centro Regional Alergología e Inmunología Clínica (CRAIC), Hospital Universitario, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.
Rev Alerg Mex. 2015 Apr-Jun;62(2):98-106.
Sensitization to allergens in atopic dermatitis patients is a risk factor for developing asthma and allergic rhinitis in the future,as well as an aggravating factor in the course of the disease. Recent studies have attributed the activity of the proteases of some antigens to cause a grater defect in the epithelial barrier and a more severe disease.
To know the sensitization to allergens pattern in children with atopic dermatitis attended at Allergology Service of University Hospital of UANL, Mexico, and to know if these children have higher sensitization to antigens with proteolytic activity.
A retrospective study was done reviewing the skin prick test reports done in our service to children ranging from 5 months to 16 years old, diagnosed with atopic dermatitis during a period of 2 years, from January 2012 to January 2014. The frequency of sensitization to aeroallergens and food were analyzed as well as the weal size (≥6mm) on the skin in response to each particular allergen in the case of food skin prick test.
Reports of skin tests of 66 children, 30 boys and 36 girls, were included; 37 of children were sensitized to more than one allergen,18/66 had asthma and/or allergic rhinitis, 40/66 60% skin prick tests were positive to high activity protease aeroallergens (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/Dermatophagoides farinae). Regarding food, sensitization was seen in 38 children; fruits and vegetables were the two most common foods. Only seven children had skin prick weal bigger than 6 mm, mainly to egg, fish and cow's milk.
Children with atopic dermatitis are often sensitized to high protease activity aeroallergens, polysensitization is very common and the association with airway allergy is seen early in life. Sensitization to food is also common in these patients, but only a small percentage showed a response large enough to be associated with disease severity.
特应性皮炎患者对变应原致敏是未来发生哮喘和变应性鼻炎的危险因素，也是疾病进程中的一个加重因素。最近的研究认为某些抗原的蛋白酶活性会导致上皮屏障出现更大缺陷和病情更严重。
了解墨西哥蒙特雷市新莱昂自治大学医院过敏科就诊的特应性皮炎患儿的变应原致敏模式，并了解这些患儿是否对具有蛋白水解活性的抗原致敏性更高。
进行一项回顾性研究，回顾了2012年1月至2014年1月期间在我院为年龄在5个月至16岁、诊断为特应性皮炎的儿童进行的皮肤点刺试验报告。分析了对气传变应原和食物的致敏频率，以及在食物皮肤点刺试验中对每种特定变应原皮肤风团大小（≥6mm）的情况。
纳入了66名儿童的皮肤试验报告，其中男孩30名，女孩36名；37名儿童对一种以上变应原致敏，18/66患有哮喘和/或变应性鼻炎，40/66（60%）皮肤点刺试验对高活性蛋白酶气传变应原（屋尘螨/粉尘螨）呈阳性。关于食物，38名儿童出现致敏；水果和蔬菜是最常见的两种食物。只有7名儿童的皮肤点刺风团大于6mm，主要是对鸡蛋、鱼和牛奶。
特应性皮炎患儿常对高蛋白酶活性气传变应原致敏，多重致敏非常常见，且与气道过敏在生命早期就有关联。这些患者对食物致敏也很常见，但只有一小部分显示出足以与疾病严重程度相关的反应。
