Mansfield Neil, Sammonds George, Nguyen Linh
Environmental Ergonomics Research Centre, Loughborough Design School, Loughborough University, LE11 3TU, UK.
Environmental Ergonomics Research Centre, Loughborough Design School, Loughborough University, LE11 3TU, UK.
Appl Ergon. 2015 Sep;50:153-9. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2015.03.010. Epub 2015 Apr 1.
Discomfort in vehicle seats is a multi-factorial problem with contributions occurring from effects of sitting duration, seat design, and the dynamic environment to which the occupant is exposed. This paper reports laboratory studies investigating the extent to which reports of discomfort are affected by vibration commencing or ceasing, and whether methods of assessment are sensitive enough to detect small changes in foam composition. Study 1 measured discomfort ratings for two conditions of 60 min each, comprising 30 min of vibration exposure followed by 30 min of static sitting in a car seat, and vice-versa. Study 2 measured discomfort ratings for three conditions over a period of 40 min each, whilst participants were sitting in one of two car seat compositions, and either exposed to vibration or not. In both studies participants operated a driving simulator. It is shown that exposure to vibration increases the rate of discomfort onset in comparison to periods of static sitting. When vibration stopped, there was an acute improvement in comfort but discomfort did not drop to the levels reported by those who had been unexposed. When vibration started after 30 min of static sitting, there was an acute increase in discomfort but not to the levels reported by those who had been exposed to 30 min of vibration. After 40 min of continuous exposure it was possible to detect significant differences in overall discomfort between the two seat compositions, although trends could be observed in less time.
汽车座椅的不适感是一个多因素问题，其成因包括久坐的影响、座椅设计以及乘客所处的动态环境。本文报告了实验室研究，旨在调查不适感报告受振动开始或停止影响的程度，以及评估方法是否足够灵敏以检测泡沫成分的微小变化。研究1测量了两种时长均为60分钟的情况下的不适感评分，一种情况是在汽车座椅上先进行30分钟的振动暴露，然后进行30分钟的静态坐姿，另一种情况则相反。研究2在每种时长为40分钟的三种情况下测量不适感评分，同时让参与者坐在两种汽车座椅组合中的一种上，且要么暴露于振动环境，要么不暴露于振动环境。在两项研究中，参与者都操作驾驶模拟器。结果表明，与静态坐姿相比，暴露于振动环境会增加不适感出现的速率。当振动停止时，舒适度会急剧改善，但不适感并未降至未暴露于振动环境者报告的水平。在静态坐姿30分钟后开始振动时，不适感会急剧增加，但未达到暴露于30分钟振动环境者报告的水平。在持续暴露40分钟后，能够检测到两种座椅组合在总体不适感上的显著差异，尽管在更短时间内就能观察到趋势。
