National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Trends Neurosci. 2015 Jun;38(6):345-52. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2015.04.002. Epub 2015 May 7.
Balancing behaviors that provide a reward NOW versus behaviors that provide an advantage LATER is critical for survival. We propose a model in which dopamine (DA) can favor NOW processes through phasic signaling in reward circuits or LATER processes through tonic signaling in control circuits. At the same time, through its modulation of the orbitofrontal cortex, which processes salience attribution, DA also enables shifting from NOW to LATER, while its modulation of the insula, which processes interoceptive information, influences the probability of selecting NOW vs LATER actions on the basis of an individual's physiological state. Disruptions along these circuits contribute to diverse pathologies, including obesity and addiction.
平衡现在提供奖励的行为与以后提供优势的行为对于生存至关重要。我们提出了一个模型，其中多巴胺（DA）可以通过奖励回路中的相位信号来支持现在的过程，或者通过控制回路中的紧张信号来支持以后的过程。同时，通过调节处理显着性归因的眶额皮层，DA 还能够从现在转移到以后，而通过调节处理内脏信息的脑岛，它会根据个体的生理状态影响选择现在与以后行为的概率。这些回路的中断会导致多种病理，包括肥胖和成瘾。
