Gogeneni Himabindu, Buduneli Nurcan, Ceyhan-Öztürk Banu, Gümüş Pınar, Akcali Aliye, Zeller Iris, Renaud Diane E, Scott David A, Özçaka Özgün
Oral Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
J Clin Periodontol. 2015 Jun;42(6):506-12. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12418.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), gingivitis, infection with specific periodontal pathogens and systemic inflammation each increase the risk for poor pregnancy outcome. We set out to monitor the interactions of gingivitis and GDM with respect to oral infection and the systemic inflammatory burden.
Four case-control groups (n = 117) were recruited, (1) No gingivitis, No GDM (n = 27); (2) Gingivitis, No GDM (n = 31); (3) No gingivitis, GDM (n = 21); and (4) Gingivitis, GDM (n = 38). Oral infection with three key periodontal pathogens was determined by PCR. Systemic inflammation was determined by quantification of CRP by EIA.
Gingivitis during pregnancy was associated with oral infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis, Filifactor alocis and Treponema denticola and combinations thereof (all p < 0.01). GDM was also associated with increased infection with individual and multiple oral pathogens (all p < 0.05). Gingivitis during pregnancy led to a 325% increase in systemic CRP (mean, 2495 versus 8116 ng/ml, p < 0.01).
Diabetes and gingivitis act in concert to increase risk biomarkers for poor pregnancy outcome.
妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）、牙龈炎、特定牙周病原体感染及全身炎症均会增加不良妊娠结局的风险。我们旨在监测牙龈炎和GDM在口腔感染及全身炎症负担方面的相互作用。
招募了四个病例对照小组（n = 117），（1）无牙龈炎，无GDM（n = 27）；（2）有牙龈炎，无GDM（n = 31）；（3）无牙龈炎，有GDM（n = 21）；以及（4）有牙龈炎，有GDM（n = 38）。通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测三种关键牙周病原体的口腔感染情况。通过酶免疫分析（EIA）定量检测C反应蛋白（CRP）来确定全身炎症情况。
孕期牙龈炎与牙龈卟啉单胞菌、嗜二氧化碳噬纤维菌和齿垢密螺旋体的口腔感染及其组合相关（所有p < 0.01）。GDM也与单一及多种口腔病原体感染增加相关（所有p < 0.05）。孕期牙龈炎导致全身CRP增加325%（平均值，2495对8116 ng/ml，p < 0.01）。
糖尿病和牙龈炎共同作用会增加不良妊娠结局的风险生物标志物。
