Prasad Rajendra, Gupta Nikhil, Singh Mandeep
Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci. 2014 Oct-Dec;56(4):237-46.
Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has been an area of growing concern and is posing a threat to the control of tuberculosis (TB). The exact magnitude of problem of resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs worldwide was not known till the 1994-97 global project on anti-tuberculosis drug resistance surveillance initiated by the World Health Organization (WHO) and International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (IUATLD). The Global Tuberculosis Report 2014 estimated that an 3.5% of newly diagnosed and 20.5% of previously treated.TB cases had MDR-TB. It has been estimated that 480,000 cases emerged and 210,000 deaths occurred due to MDR-TB globally in 2013. In India, estimates showed that the prevalence of MDR-TB among new and previously treated patients was 2.2% and 15%, respectively. It is estimated that 99,000 cases of MDR-TB emerge every year of which 62,000 were among notified cases of TB in 2013. The MDR-TB is a human-made problem and results largely from poorly managed cases of TB. Adequate, timely diagnosis and optimal treatment of MDR-TB will help curb the epidemic. Efforts must be focused on the effective use of anti-tuberculosis drugs in every new patient, so as to prevent the emergence of MDR-TB.
耐多药结核病（MDR-TB）一直是一个日益受到关注的领域，对结核病（TB）的控制构成威胁。直到1994 - 1997年世界卫生组织（WHO）和国际抗结核和肺部疾病联盟（IUATLD）发起全球抗结核药物耐药性监测项目，全球范围内抗结核药物耐药问题的确切严重程度才为人所知。《2014年全球结核病报告》估计，新诊断的结核病病例中有3.5%以及既往接受过治疗的病例中有20.5%患有耐多药结核病。据估计，2013年全球因耐多药结核病出现了48万例病例，并有21万人死亡。在印度，估计显示新患者和既往接受过治疗的患者中耐多药结核病的患病率分别为2.2%和15%。据估计，每年有9.9万例耐多药结核病病例出现，其中2013年在已通报的结核病病例中有6.2万例。耐多药结核病是一个人为造成的问题，很大程度上源于结核病治疗管理不善。对耐多药结核病进行充分、及时的诊断和优化治疗将有助于遏制这一疫情。必须致力于在每一位新患者中有效使用抗结核药物，以防止耐多药结核病的出现。
