Gracis Stefano, Thompson Van P, Ferencz Jonathan L, Silva Nelson R F A, Bonfante Estevam A
Int J Prosthodont. 2015 May-Jun;28(3):227-35. doi: 10.11607/ijp.4244.
Classification systems for all-ceramic materials are useful for communication and educational purposes and warrant continuous revisions and updates to incorporate new materials. This article proposes a classification system for ceramic and ceramic-like restorative materials in an attempt to systematize and include a new class of materials. This new classification system categorizes ceramic restorative materials into three families: (1) glass-matrix ceramics, (2) polycrystalline ceramics, and (3) resin-matrix ceramics. Subfamilies are described in each group along with their composition, allowing for newly developed materials to be placed into the already existing main families. The criteria used to differentiate ceramic materials are based on the phase or phases present in their chemical composition. Thus, an all-ceramic material is classified according to whether a glass-matrix phase is present (glass-matrix ceramics) or absent (polycrystalline ceramics) or whether the material contains an organic matrix highly filled with ceramic particles (resin-matrix ceramics). Also presented are the manufacturers' clinical indications for the different materials and an overview of the different fabrication methods and whether they are used as framework materials or monolithic solutions. Current developments in ceramic materials not yet available to the dental market are discussed.
全陶瓷材料的分类系统对于交流和教育目的很有用，并且需要不断修订和更新以纳入新材料。本文提出了一种陶瓷及类陶瓷修复材料的分类系统，旨在实现系统化并纳入一类新型材料。这种新的分类系统将陶瓷修复材料分为三个类别：（1）玻璃基质陶瓷，（2）多晶陶瓷，以及（3）树脂基质陶瓷。每个类别中都描述了亚类及其组成，以便将新开发的材料归入已有的主要类别中。用于区分陶瓷材料的标准基于其化学成分中存在的一个或多个相。因此，全陶瓷材料根据是否存在玻璃基质相（玻璃基质陶瓷）或不存在（多晶陶瓷），或者材料是否包含高度填充陶瓷颗粒的有机基质（树脂基质陶瓷）进行分类。还介绍了不同材料的制造商临床适应症，以及不同制作方法的概述，以及它们是用作框架材料还是整体解决方案。讨论了牙科市场尚未获得的陶瓷材料的当前发展情况。
