Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta & Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Canada.
Br J Sports Med. 2016 Mar;50(6):325-38. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-094684. Epub 2015 May 12.
Patients with head and neck cancer often face a plethora of cancer and treatment-related side effects, negatively impacting their lean body mass, physical functioning, quality of life and fatigue management. Physical activity is a potential mediator of many of these side effects. This is the first systematic review reporting on head and neck cancer and physical activity literature.
A literature search was conducted up to January 2015. Two reviewers independently identified articles using the outlined inclusion criteria, assessing the study methodology, risk of bias and extracting the necessary data from studies evaluating the impact of full-body physical activity on patients with head and neck cancer. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement was used to guide this review.
We identified 16 articles published from 2003 to 2014, the majority of which were published within the past 5 years. Physical activity interventions were feasible, safe and beneficial in mediating cancer and treatment-related side effects. Specifically, patients experienced improvements in lean body mass, muscular strength, physical functioning, quality of life and fatigue management. Owing to significant study heterogeneity, data were not pooled. Reflecting the early state of the literature, included studies were found to vary greatly in design, quality and reporting characteristics.
There is early evidence that supports the benefit of physical activity interventions for patients with head and neck cancer, both during and following treatment. Future research is necessary to determine the benefits of different physical activity interventions, and their impact on patients with different head and neck cancers.
头颈部癌症患者常面临大量的癌症和治疗相关副作用，这对其去脂体重、身体功能、生活质量和疲劳管理产生负面影响。身体活动是许多这些副作用的潜在调节剂。这是第一篇系统综述头颈部癌症和身体活动文献的报告。
我们对截至 2015 年 1 月的文献进行了检索。两位审查员使用既定的纳入标准独立识别文章，评估研究方法、偏倚风险并从评估全身身体活动对头颈部癌症患者影响的研究中提取必要数据。本综述使用系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目进行指导。
我们确定了 2003 年至 2014 年发表的 16 篇文章，其中大部分是在过去 5 年内发表的。身体活动干预是可行、安全和有益的，可以调节癌症和治疗相关的副作用。具体而言，患者的去脂体重、肌肉力量、身体功能、生活质量和疲劳管理得到改善。由于研究存在显著的异质性，数据未进行汇总。由于文献处于早期阶段，纳入的研究在设计、质量和报告特征方面存在很大差异。
有早期证据支持身体活动干预对头颈部癌症患者在治疗期间和治疗后均有益处。需要进一步的研究来确定不同身体活动干预的益处，以及它们对不同头颈部癌症患者的影响。
