严重精神障碍患者照料者的经历：来自加纳农村的一项研究。
The experience of caregivers of people living with serious mental disorders: a study from rural Ghana.
作者信息
Ae-Ngibise Kenneth Ayuurebobi, Doku Victor Christian Korley, Asante Kwaku Poku, Owusu-Agyei Seth
机构信息
Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana;
Centre for Global Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom.
出版信息
Glob Health Action. 2015 May 11;8:26957. doi: 10.3402/gha.v8.26957. eCollection 2015.
BACKGROUND
Families and friends who give care to people with mental disorders (MDs) are affected in a variety of ways and degrees. The interplay of caregiving consequences: poverty, discrimination and stigma, lack of support from others, diminished social relationships, depression, emotional trauma, and poor or interrupted sleep are associated caregiver burden.
OBJECTIVE
The burden of care on caregivers of people living with MDs was assessed in two districts located in the middle part of Ghana. Coping strategies and available support for caregivers of MDs were also assessed.
DESIGN
A qualitative study was carried out involving 75 caregivers of participants with MDs registered within the Kintampo Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems. Data were gathered from caregivers about their experiences in providing care for their relations with MDs.
RESULTS
Caregivers reported various degrees of burden, which included financial, social exclusion, emotional, depression, and inadequate time for other social responsibilities. Responsibilities around caregiving were mostly shared among close relatives but to a varying and limited extent. Religious prayers and the anticipation of cure were the main coping strategies adopted by caregivers, with expectation of new treatments being discovered.
CONCLUSIONS
Emotional distress, stigma, financial burden, lack of support networks, social exclusion, health impact, and absence of decentralised mental health services were experienced by family caregivers. These findings highlight the need for interventions to support people with MDs and their caregivers. This might include policy development and implementation that will decentralise mental health care provision including psychosocial support for caregivers. This will ameliorate families' financial and emotional burden, facilitate early diagnosis and management, reduce travel time to seek care, and improve the quality of life of family caregivers of persons with MDs.
背景
照顾精神障碍患者的家人和朋友会受到各种不同方式和程度的影响。照顾后果的相互作用：贫困、歧视和耻辱、缺乏他人支持、社会关系减少、抑郁、情感创伤以及睡眠不佳或中断，这些都与照顾者负担相关。
目的
在加纳中部的两个地区评估了精神障碍患者照顾者的照顾负担。还评估了照顾者的应对策略和可获得的支持。
设计
开展了一项定性研究，涉及在金坦波健康与人口监测系统中登记的75名精神障碍患者参与者的照顾者。收集了照顾者关于其照顾患有精神障碍亲属经历的数据。
结果
照顾者报告了不同程度的负担，包括经济负担、社会排斥、情感负担、抑郁以及用于其他社会责任的时间不足。照顾责任大多在近亲之间分担，但程度不同且有限。宗教祈祷和对治愈的期待是照顾者采用的主要应对策略，同时期待发现新的治疗方法。
结论
家庭照顾者经历了情感困扰、耻辱、经济负担、缺乏支持网络、社会排斥、健康影响以及缺乏分散式心理健康服务等问题。这些发现凸显了采取干预措施支持精神障碍患者及其照顾者的必要性。这可能包括制定和实施相关政策，将心理健康服务分散化，包括为照顾者提供心理社会支持。这将减轻家庭的经济和情感负担，促进早期诊断和管理，减少就医的行程时间，并提高精神障碍患者家庭照顾者的生活质量。
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