Marquez F J
Inst. López-Neyra de Parasitología, C. S. I. C. Ventanilla, Granada, Espagne.
Ann Parasitol Hum Comp. 1989;64(5):374-90. doi: 10.1051/parasite/1989645374.
The evolution of the Rhipicephalus pusillus population, a parasite of the european wild rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus, is studied in a locality of the Province of Granada (Spain), in 1986-1987. The moving average technique was applied to the sampling data (358 hosts), for each stage of the postembryonic cycle. This technique permitted us, together with the habitual usage of the statistics, to understand in a more complete manner, the evolution of daily changes which affect the average number of ticks over the population of the host rabbits. Various factors allowed us to envisage a strong dependency of the parasitism of the females and the larvae in relation with the developing environmental conditions, which determine the apparition and concentration of the parasites on the hosts. A very strong correlation between the parasitism by male ticks and that of the female ticks was observed for the two year duration of our investigation. However, the moment at which the distribution of the ectoparasites is contagious, the male abundance is nearly twice that of the females. The larvae respond to a similar pattern of distribution both years, but it is necessary to note a delay, which we can attribute to climatic changes registered from one year to the next. The nymphs, on the other hand, present a different distribution curve for each year. Their presence depends on climatic conditions and especially that of the situation of the ticks and hosts population in the moments proceeding: these conditions determine a deplacement of their apparition in one sense or another.
1986 - 1987年，在西班牙格拉纳达省的一个地方，对欧洲野兔穴兔的寄生虫微小扇头蜱种群的演变进行了研究。将移动平均技术应用于胚胎后周期各阶段的抽样数据（358只宿主）。这项技术使我们能够结合统计学的惯常用法，更全面地了解影响宿主兔种群上蜱平均数量的每日变化的演变。各种因素使我们设想雌性和幼虫的寄生现象与发育中的环境条件有很强的依赖性，这些环境条件决定了寄生虫在宿主上的出现和集中。在我们为期两年的调查中，观察到雄蜱寄生现象与雌蜱寄生现象之间有非常强的相关性。然而，在外寄生虫分布具有传染性的时刻，雄性的数量几乎是雌性的两倍。这两年幼虫的分布模式相似，但需要注意的是存在延迟，我们可以将其归因于逐年记录的气候变化。另一方面，若虫每年呈现出不同的分布曲线。它们的出现取决于气候条件，尤其是之前蜱和宿主种群的状况：这些条件决定了它们在某种意义上出现的位移。
