Wen Teng, Huang Xinqi, Zhang Jinbo, Zhu Tongbin, Meng Lei, Cai Zucong
School of Geography Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
School of Geography Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
J Environ Sci (China). 2015 May 1;31:30-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2014.11.007. Epub 2015 Mar 11.
Biological soil disinfestation is an effective method to control soil-borne disease by flooding and incorporating with organic amendments, but field conditions and resources sometimes limited its practical application. A laboratory experiment was conducted to develop practice guidelines on controlling Fusarium wilt, a widespread banana disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (FOC). FOC infested soil incorporated with rice or maize straw at rates of 1.5 tons/ha and 3.0 tons/ha was incubated under flooded or water-saturated (100% water holding capacity) conditions at 30°C for 30 days. Results showed that FOC populations in the soils incorporated with either rice or maize straw rapidly reduced more than 90% in the first 15 days and then fluctuated till the end of incubation, while flooding alone without organic amendment reduced FOC populations slightly. The rapid and dramatic decrease of redox potential (down to -350 mV) in straw-amended treatments implied that both anaerobic condition and strongly reductive soil condition would contribute to pathogen inactivation. Water-saturation combined with straw amendments had the comparable effects on reduction of FOC, indicating that flooding was not indispensable for inactivating FOC. There was no significant difference in the reduction of FOC observed in the straw amendments at between 1.5 and 3 tons/ha. Therefore, incorporating soil with straw (rice or maize straw) at a rate of 3.0 tons/ha under 100% water holding capacity or 1.5 tons/ha under flooding, would effectively alleviate banana Fusarium wilt caused by FOC after 15-day treating under 30°C.
生物土壤消毒是一种通过淹水并添加有机改良剂来控制土传病害的有效方法，但田间条件和资源有时会限制其实际应用。开展了一项实验室试验，以制定控制枯萎病的实践指南，枯萎病是一种由尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型（FOC）引起的广泛发生的香蕉病害。将以1.5吨/公顷和3.0吨/公顷的速率添加水稻或玉米秸秆的FOC侵染土壤在30℃下于淹水或水饱和（100%持水量）条件下培养30天。结果表明，添加水稻或玉米秸秆的土壤中FOC种群在前15天迅速减少了90%以上，然后在培养结束前波动，而仅淹水不添加有机改良剂则使FOC种群略有减少。秸秆改良处理中氧化还原电位迅速大幅下降（降至-350 mV），这表明厌氧条件和强还原土壤条件均有助于病原菌失活。水饱和结合秸秆改良对FOC的减少具有类似效果，表明淹水对于FOC失活并非必不可少。在1.5至3吨/公顷的秸秆改良处理中，FOC减少量没有显著差异。因此，在100%持水量下以3.0吨/公顷或在淹水条件下以1.5吨/公顷的速率向土壤中添加秸秆（水稻或玉米秸秆），在30℃下处理15天后将有效减轻由FOC引起的香蕉枯萎病。
