Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
Medical Library, Information Systems, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
JAMA Dermatol. 2015 Aug;151(8):883-90. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2015.33.
Photographs are invaluable dermatologic diagnostic, management, research, teaching, and documentation tools. Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) standards exist for many types of digital medical images, but there are no DICOM standards for camera-acquired dermatologic images to date.
To identify and describe existing or proposed technology and technique standards for camera-acquired dermatologic images in the scientific literature.
Systematic searches of the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were performed in January 2013 using photography and digital imaging, standardization, and medical specialty and medical illustration search terms and augmented by a gray literature search of 14 websites using Google. Two reviewers independently screened titles of 7371 unique publications, followed by 3 sequential full-text reviews, leading to the selection of 49 publications with the most recent (1985-2013) or detailed description of technology or technique standards related to the acquisition or use of images of skin disease (or related conditions).
No universally accepted existing technology or technique standards for camera-based digital images in dermatology were identified. Recommendations are summarized for technology imaging standards, including spatial resolution, color resolution, reproduction (magnification) ratios, postacquisition image processing, color calibration, compression, output, archiving and storage, and security during storage and transmission. Recommendations are also summarized for technique imaging standards, including environmental conditions (lighting, background, and camera position), patient pose and standard view sets, and patient consent, privacy, and confidentiality. Proposed standards for specific-use cases in total body photography, teledermatology, and dermoscopy are described.
The literature is replete with descriptions of obtaining photographs of skin disease, but universal imaging standards have not been developed, validated, and adopted to date. Dermatologic imaging is evolving without defined standards for camera-acquired images, leading to variable image quality and limited exchangeability. The development and adoption of universal technology and technique standards may first emerge in scenarios when image use is most associated with a defined clinical benefit.
照片是宝贵的皮肤科诊断、管理、研究、教学和文件工具。数字成像和通信在医学（DICOM）标准存在于许多类型的数字医学图像，但目前还没有相机获取的皮肤科图像的 DICOM 标准。
在科学文献中确定并描述相机获取的皮肤科图像的现有或拟议技术和技术标准。
2013 年 1 月，使用摄影和数字成像、标准化以及医学专业和医学插图搜索词对 PubMed、EMBASE 和 Cochrane 数据库进行了系统搜索，并通过使用 Google 对 14 个网站进行了灰色文献搜索进行了扩充。两名审查员独立筛选了 7371 份独特出版物的标题，随后进行了 3 次连续的全文审查，最终选择了 49 篇出版物，这些出版物最新（1985-2013 年）或详细描述了与皮肤病（或相关疾病）图像获取或使用相关的技术或技术标准。
没有发现普遍接受的皮肤科基于相机的数字图像的现有技术或技术标准。总结了技术成像标准的建议，包括空间分辨率、颜色分辨率、再现（放大）比、后处理图像、颜色校准、压缩、输出、存档和存储以及存储和传输过程中的安全性。还总结了技术成像标准的建议，包括环境条件（照明、背景和相机位置）、患者姿势和标准视图集以及患者同意、隐私和保密性。还描述了全身摄影、远程皮肤病学和皮肤镜检查等特定用例的拟议标准。
文献中充斥着对获取皮肤病照片的描述，但迄今为止尚未制定、验证和采用通用成像标准。皮肤科成像在没有相机获取图像的定义标准的情况下不断发展，导致图像质量不一致且可交换性有限。通用技术和技术标准的制定和采用可能首先出现在图像使用与明确的临床益处最相关的情况下。
