Brandão Juliana A, Romcy-Pereira Rodrigo N
Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal, Brazil.
Front Cell Neurosci. 2015 Apr 28;9:149. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00149. eCollection 2015.
Cortical GABAergic interneurons constitute an extremely diverse population of cells organized in a well-defined topology of precisely interconnected cells. They play a crucial role regulating inhibitory-excitatory balance in brain circuits, gating sensory perception, and regulating spike timing to brain oscillations during distinct behaviors. Dysfunctions in the establishment of proper inhibitory circuits have been associated to several brain disorders such as autism, epilepsy, and schizophrenia. In the rodent adult cortex, inhibitory neurons are generated during the second gestational week from distinct progenitor lineages located in restricted domains of the ventral telencephalon. However, only recently, studies have revealed some of the mechanisms generating the heterogeneity of neuronal subtypes and their modes of integration in brain networks. Here we will discuss some the events involved in the production of cortical GABAergic neuron diversity with focus on the interaction between intrinsically driven genetic programs and environmental signals during development.
皮质GABA能中间神经元构成了一个极其多样化的细胞群体，这些细胞以精确互连的细胞的明确拓扑结构组织起来。它们在调节脑回路中的抑制性-兴奋性平衡、控制感觉感知以及在不同行为期间调节大脑振荡的尖峰时间方面发挥着关键作用。适当抑制性回路建立过程中的功能障碍与多种脑部疾病有关，如自闭症、癫痫和精神分裂症。在成年啮齿动物的皮质中，抑制性神经元在妊娠第二周由位于腹侧端脑受限区域的不同祖细胞谱系产生。然而，直到最近，研究才揭示了一些产生神经元亚型异质性及其在脑网络中整合模式的机制。在这里，我们将讨论与皮质GABA能神经元多样性产生相关的一些事件，重点关注发育过程中内在驱动的遗传程序与环境信号之间的相互作用。
