McKee Robert A, Wingert Rebecca A
Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Zebrafish Research, Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA.
Curr Pathobiol Rep. 2015;3(2):171-181. doi: 10.1007/s40139-015-0082-2.
The renal system is vital to maintain homeostasis in the body, where the kidneys contain nephron functional units that remove metabolic waste from the bloodstream, regulate fluids, and balance electrolytes. Severe organ damage from toxins or ischemia that occurs abruptly can cause acute kidney injury (AKI) in which there is a rapid, life-threatening loss of these activities. Humans have a limited but poorly understood ability to regenerate damaged nephrons after AKI. However, researchers studying AKI in vertebrate animal models such as mammals, and more recently the zebrafish, have documented robust regeneration within the nephron blood filter and tubule following injury. Further, zebrafish kidneys contain progenitors that create new nephrons after AKI. Here, we review investigations in zebrafish which have established a series of exciting renal pathology paradigms that complement existing AKI models and can be implemented to discover insights into kidney regeneration and the roles of stem cells.
肾脏系统对于维持体内稳态至关重要，肾脏包含肾单位功能单元，这些单元可从血液中清除代谢废物、调节体液并平衡电解质。毒素或缺血突然导致的严重器官损伤可引发急性肾损伤（AKI），即这些活动会迅速出现危及生命的丧失。人类在急性肾损伤后再生受损肾单位的能力有限且了解甚少。然而，在哺乳动物等脊椎动物模型以及最近在斑马鱼中研究急性肾损伤的研究人员已记录了损伤后肾单位血液滤过器和肾小管内强大的再生能力。此外，斑马鱼的肾脏含有祖细胞，在急性肾损伤后可产生新的肾单位。在此，我们综述了对斑马鱼的研究，这些研究建立了一系列令人兴奋的肾脏病理学范式，可补充现有的急性肾损伤模型，并可用于深入了解肾脏再生和干细胞的作用。
