Analgesic and antiinflammatory activities of the essential oil of the unique plant Zhumeria majdae.

The analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of Zhumeria majdae essential oil were investigated in mice and rats. The analgesic activity of the oil was assessed by acetic acid-induced writhing and Eddy's hot plate methods while the acute anti-inflammatory effect was investigated by inflammatory paw edema in rat. Z majdae oil significantly decreased the number of acetic acid-induced writhes in mice compared with animals that received vehicle only. Also it exhibited a central analgesic effect as evidenced by a significant increase in reaction time in the hot plate method. The oil also significantly reduced carrageenan induced paw edema in rats. The inhibitory activity of Z. majdae essential oil was found to be very close to that of the standard drug, diclofenac sodium (50 mg/kg). The studied oil was analyzed by GC and GC-MS and seventeen constituents were identified, representing 99.2% of the oil. The major components of the oil were characterized as linalool (63.4%) and camphor (27.5%), which might be responsible for these observed activities. The results suggest that Z. majdae essential oil possesses biologically active constituent(s) that have significant activity against acute inflammation and have central and peripheral antinociceptive effects which support the ethnomedicinal claims of the plant application in the management of pain and inflammation.