Dash Satya, Xiao Changting, Morgantini Cecilia, Lewis Gary F
Departments of Medicine and Physiology and the Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4 Canada; email:
Annu Rev Nutr. 2015;35:265-94. doi: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071714-034338. Epub 2015 May 13.
Dietary lipids are efficiently absorbed by the small intestine, incorporated into triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (chylomicrons), and transported in the circulation to various tissues. Intestinal lipid absorption and mobilization and chylomicron synthesis and secretion are highly regulated processes. Elevated chylomicron production rate contributes to the dyslipidemia seen in common metabolic disorders such as insulin-resistant states and type 2 diabetes and likely increases the risk for atherosclerosis seen in these conditions. An in-depth understanding of the regulation of chylomicron production may provide leads for the development of drugs that could be of therapeutic utility in the prevention of dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. Chylomicron secretion is subject to regulation by various factors, including diet, body weight, genetic variants, hormones, nutraceuticals, medications, and emerging interventions such as bariatric surgical procedures. In this review we discuss the regulation of chylomicron production, mechanisms that underlie chylomicron dysregulation, and potential avenues for future research.
膳食脂质被小肠有效吸收，并入富含甘油三酯的脂蛋白（乳糜微粒）中，并在循环中运输到各种组织。肠道脂质吸收与转运以及乳糜微粒的合成与分泌是受到高度调控的过程。乳糜微粒生成速率升高会导致常见代谢紊乱（如胰岛素抵抗状态和2型糖尿病）中出现的血脂异常，并且可能增加这些情况下动脉粥样硬化的风险。深入了解乳糜微粒生成的调控可能为开发预防血脂异常和动脉粥样硬化的治疗性药物提供线索。乳糜微粒的分泌受到多种因素的调控，包括饮食、体重、基因变异、激素、营养保健品、药物以及诸如减肥手术等新兴干预措施。在本综述中，我们讨论了乳糜微粒生成的调控、乳糜微粒失调的潜在机制以及未来研究的潜在途径。
