Jankowski Peter J, Hardy Sam A, Zamboanga Byron L, Ham Lindsay S, Schwartz Seth J, Kim Su Yeong, Forthun Larry F, Bersamin Melina M, Donovan Roxanne A, Whitbourne Susan Krauss, Hurley Eric A, Cano Miguel Ángel
Counseling Psychology Program, Bethel University, 3900 Bethel Dr., St. Paul, MN, 55112, USA,
J Youth Adolesc. 2015 Oct;44(10):1968-83. doi: 10.1007/s10964-015-0302-4. Epub 2015 May 15.
Prior person-centered research has consistently identified a subgroup of highly religious participants that uses significantly less alcohol when compared to the other subgroups. The construct of religious motivation is absent from existing examinations of the nuanced combinations of religiousness dimensions within persons, and alcohol expectancy valuations have yet to be included as outcome variables. Variable-centered approaches have found religious motivation and alcohol expectancy valuations to play a protective role against individuals' hazardous alcohol use. The current study examined latent religiousness profiles and hazardous alcohol use in a large, multisite sample of ethnically diverse college students. The sample consisted of 7412 college students aged 18-25 (M age = 19.77, SD age = 1.61; 75% female; 61% European American). Three latent profiles were derived from measures of religious involvement, salience, and religious motivations: Quest-Intrinsic Religiousness (highest levels of salience, involvement, and quest and intrinsic motivations; lowest level of extrinsic motivation), Moderate Religiousness (intermediate levels of salience, involvement, and motivations) and Extrinsic Religiousness (lowest levels of salience, involvement, and quest and intrinsic motivations; highest level of extrinsic motivation). The Quest-Intrinsic Religiousness profile scored significantly lower on hazardous alcohol use, positive expectancy outcomes, positive expectancy valuations, and negative expectancy valuations, and significantly higher on negative expectancy outcomes, compared to the other two profiles. The Extrinsic and Moderate Religiousness profiles did not differ significantly on positive expectancy outcomes, negative expectancy outcomes, negative expectancy valuations, or hazardous alcohol use. The results advance existing research by demonstrating that the protective influence of religiousness on college students' hazardous alcohol use may involve high levels on both quest and intrinsic religious motivation.
先前以个人为中心的研究一直发现，有一个高度虔诚的参与者亚组，与其他亚组相比，他们饮酒量显著更少。在对个体宗教维度的细微组合进行的现有研究中，缺乏宗教动机这一概念，而且酒精预期评估尚未被纳入结果变量。以变量为中心的方法发现，宗教动机和酒精预期评估对个体危险饮酒行为起到保护作用。本研究在一个多地点的、种族多样的大学生大样本中，考察了潜在的宗教信仰概况与危险饮酒行为。样本包括7412名18 - 25岁的大学生（年龄均值M = 19.77，标准差SD = 1.61；75%为女性；61%为欧裔美国人）。从宗教参与度、显著性和宗教动机的测量中得出了三种潜在概况：探索 - 内在宗教信仰（显著性、参与度、探索和内在动机水平最高；外在动机水平最低）、中度宗教信仰（显著性、参与度和动机处于中等水平）和外在宗教信仰（显著性、参与度、探索和内在动机水平最低；外在动机水平最高）。与其他两种概况相比，探索 - 内在宗教信仰概况在危险饮酒行为、积极预期结果、积极预期评估和消极预期评估方面得分显著更低，而在消极预期结果方面得分显著更高。外在宗教信仰概况和中度宗教信仰概况在积极预期结果、消极预期结果、消极预期评估或危险饮酒行为方面没有显著差异。这些结果通过证明宗教信仰对大学生危险饮酒行为的保护作用可能涉及高水平的探索和内在宗教动机，推进了现有研究。
