Tupler Larry A, Zapp Daniel, DeJong William, Ali Maryam, O'Rourke Sarah, Looney John, Swartzwelder H Scott
Consortium for the Study of the American College Student, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2017 May;41(5):1012-1023. doi: 10.1111/acer.13358. Epub 2017 Mar 21.
Many transgender college students struggle with identity formation and other emotional, social, and developmental challenges associated with emerging adulthood. A potential maladaptive coping strategy employed by such students is heavy drinking. Prior literature has suggested greater consumption and negative alcohol-related consequences (ARCs) in transgender students compared with their cisgender peers, but little is known about their differing experiences with alcohol-related blackouts (ARBs). We examined the level of alcohol consumption, the frequency of ARBs and other ARCs, and motivations for drinking reported by the largest sample of transgender college students to date.
A Web survey from an alcohol-prevention program, AlcoholEdu for College™, assessed student demographics and drinking-related behaviors, experiences, and motivations of newly matriculating first-year college students. A self-reported drinking calendar was used to examine each of the following measures over the previous 14 days: number of drinking days, total number of drinks, and maximum number of drinks on any single day. A 7-point Likert scale was used to measure ARCs, ARBs, and drinking motivations. Transgender students of both sexes were compared with their cisgender peers.
A total of 989 of 422,906 students (0.2%) identified as transgender. Over a 14-day period, transgender compared with cisgender students were more likely to consume alcohol over more days, more total drinks, and a greater number of maximum drinks on a single day. Transgender students (36%) were more likely to report an ARB than cisgender students (25%) as well as more negative academic, confrontation-related, social, and sexual ARCs. Transgender respondents more often cited stress reduction, social anxiety, self-esteem issues, and the inherent properties of alcohol as motivations for drinking. For nearly all measures, higher values were yielded by male-to-female than female-to-male transgender students.
Transgender compared with cisgender first-year students engage in higher-risk drinking patterns and experience more ARBs and other negative ARCs. Broad institutional efforts are required to address the unique circumstances of transgender men and women and to reduce negative ARCs in college students, regardless of their sex or gender identity.
许多跨性别大学生在身份认同形成以及与成年初期相关的其他情感、社交和发展挑战方面苦苦挣扎。这类学生采用的一种潜在适应不良的应对策略是酗酒。先前的文献表明，与顺性别同龄人相比，跨性别学生饮酒量更大且与酒精相关的后果更负面，但对于他们在与酒精相关的记忆缺失方面的不同经历却知之甚少。我们调查了迄今为止最大规模的跨性别大学生样本报告的饮酒量、与酒精相关的记忆缺失及其他与酒精相关后果的发生频率，以及饮酒动机。
一项来自酒精预防项目“大学酒精教育”（AlcoholEdu for College™）的网络调查，评估了新入学的大一学生的人口统计学特征以及与饮酒相关的行为、经历和动机。使用一份自我报告的饮酒日历来检查过去14天内以下各项指标：饮酒天数、饮酒总量以及任何一天的最大饮酒量。采用7点李克特量表来衡量与酒精相关的后果、与酒精相关的记忆缺失以及饮酒动机。将不同性别的跨性别学生与其顺性别同龄人进行比较。
在422,906名学生中，共有989名（0.2%）学生认定自己为跨性别者。在14天的时间段内，与顺性别学生相比，跨性别学生在更多天数饮酒、饮酒总量更多且单日最大饮酒量更多。跨性别学生（36%）比顺性别学生（25%）更有可能报告出现与酒精相关的记忆缺失，以及更多负面的学业、冲突相关、社交和性方面与酒精相关的后果。跨性别受访者更常将减轻压力、社交焦虑、自尊问题以及酒精的固有特性作为饮酒动机。对于几乎所有指标，男性向女性转变的跨性别学生比女性向男性转变的跨性别学生得分更高。
与顺性别大一学生相比，跨性别学生存在更高风险的饮酒模式，并且经历更多与酒精相关的记忆缺失及其他负面的与酒精相关的后果。需要广泛的机构努力来应对跨性别男性和女性的独特情况，并减少大学生中负面的与酒精相关的后果，无论其性别或性别认同如何。
