Knerlich-Lukoschus Friederike, Held-Feindt Janka
Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Strasse 3, Haus 41, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
Mediators Inflamm. 2015;2015:486758. doi: 10.1155/2015/486758. Epub 2015 Apr 21.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in complex posttraumatic sequelae affecting the whole neuraxis. Due to its involvement in varied neuromodulatory processes, the chemokine-ligand/receptor-network is a key element of secondary lesion cascades induced by SCI. This review will provide a synopsis of chemokine-ligand/receptor-expression along the whole neuraxis after traumatic spinal cord (sc) insults on basis of recent in vivo and in vitro findings in a SCI paradigm of thoracic force-defined impact lesions (Infinite Horizon Impactor) in adult rats. Analyses of chemokine-ligand/receptor-expression at defined time points after sc lesion of different severity grades or sham operation revealed that these inflammatory mediators are induced in distinct anatomical sc regions and in thalamic nuclei, periaqueductal grey, and hippocampal structures in the brain. Cellular and anatomical expression profiles together with colocalization/expression of neural stem/progenitor cell markers in adult sc stem cells niches or with pain-related receptors and mediators in dorsal horns, dorsal columns, and pain-processing brain areas support the notion that chemokines are involved in distinct cascades underlying clinical posttraumatic impairments and syndromes. These aspects and their implication in concepts of tailored SCI treatment are reviewed in the context of the recent literature on chemokine-ligand/receptor involvement in complex secondary lesion cascades.
脊髓损伤（SCI）会导致影响整个神经轴的复杂创伤后后遗症。由于趋化因子配体/受体网络参与多种神经调节过程，它是SCI诱导的继发性损伤级联反应的关键要素。本综述将基于成年大鼠胸段力限定撞击损伤（无限视野撞击器）的SCI模型中最近的体内和体外研究结果，概述创伤性脊髓（sc）损伤后整个神经轴上趋化因子配体/受体的表达情况。对不同严重程度等级的sc损伤或假手术后特定时间点趋化因子配体/受体表达的分析表明，这些炎症介质在脊髓不同解剖区域以及大脑中的丘脑核、导水管周围灰质和海马结构中被诱导。细胞和解剖学表达谱，以及成年sc干细胞龛中神经干/祖细胞标志物的共定位/表达，或背角、背柱和疼痛处理脑区中与疼痛相关的受体和介质的共定位/表达，支持了趋化因子参与临床创伤后损伤和综合征潜在的不同级联反应这一观点。在关于趋化因子配体/受体参与复杂继发性损伤级联反应的最新文献背景下，对这些方面及其在定制SCI治疗概念中的意义进行了综述。
