Baskin-Sommers Arielle R, Curtin John J, Newman Joseph P
Yale University, Psychology Department ; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Psychology Department.
University of Wisconsin-Madison, Psychology Department.
Clin Psychol Sci. 2015 Jan 1;3(1):45-57. doi: 10.1177/2167702614560744.
Cognitive remediation is a treatment approach with the potential to translate basic science into more specific, mechanism-based interventions by targeting particular cognitive skills. The present study translated understanding of two well-defined cognitive-emotion dysfunctions into novel deficit-matched interventions and evaluated whether cognitive remediation would demonstrate specific and generalizable change. Two antisocial-subtypes, individuals with psychopathy and externalizing traits, are characterized by cognitive-affective problems that predispose them to engage in significant substance abuse and criminal behavior, culminating in incarceration. Whereas individuals with psychopathy fail to consider important contextual information, individuals with externalizing traits lack the capacity to regulate affective reactions. Training designed to remedy these subtype-specific deficits led to improvement on both trained non-trained tasks. Such findings offer promise for changing neural and behavioral patterns, even for what many consider to be the most recalcitrant treatment population, and presage a new era of translating cognitive-affective science into increasingly specific and effective interventions.
认知矫正作为一种治疗方法，有可能通过针对特定的认知技能，将基础科学转化为更具体的、基于机制的干预措施。本研究将对两种明确的认知 - 情感功能障碍的理解转化为新的、与缺陷匹配的干预措施，并评估认知矫正是否会显示出特定且可推广的变化。两种反社会亚型，即患有精神病态和具有外化特质的个体，其特征在于认知 - 情感问题，这些问题使他们易于大量滥用药物和实施犯罪行为，最终导致入狱。患有精神病态的个体无法考虑重要的情境信息，而具有外化特质的个体缺乏调节情感反应的能力。旨在纠正这些亚型特异性缺陷的训练导致了在训练任务和未训练任务上的改善。这些发现为改变神经和行为模式带来了希望，即使对于许多人认为最难治疗的人群也是如此，并预示着将认知 - 情感科学转化为日益具体和有效的干预措施的新时代的到来。
