Macaulay Laura J, Bailey Jordan M, Levin Edward D, Stapleton Heather M
Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2015 Nov-Dec;52(Pt B):119-26. doi: 10.1016/j.ntt.2015.05.002. Epub 2015 May 13.
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are persistent organic pollutants that are widely detected in the environment, biota, and humans. In mammals, PBDEs can be oxidatively metabolized to form hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-BDEs). While studies have examined behavioral deficits or alterations induced by exposure to PBDEs in both rodents and fish, no study to date has explored behavioral effects from exposure to OH-BDEs, which have been shown to have greater endocrine disrupting potential compared to PBDEs. In the present study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed during embryonic and larval development (0-6 days post fertilization, dpf) to a PBDE metabolite, 6-hydroxy, 2,2',4,4' tetrabromodiphenyl ether (10-50 nM) and then examined for short and long-term behavioral effects. Exposed zebrafish tested as larvae (6 dpf) showed an altered swimming response to light-dark transitions, exhibiting hypoactivity in light periods compared to control fish. When fish exposed from 0-6 dpf were tested as juveniles (45 dpf), they showed an increased fear response and hyperactivity in response to tests of novel environment exploration and habituation learning. These results demonstrate that early life exposure to a PBDE metabolite can have immediate or later life (more than a month after exposure) effects on activity levels, habituation, and fear/anxiety.
多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）是一类持久性有机污染物，在环境、生物群和人类中广泛存在。在哺乳动物体内，PBDEs可通过氧化代谢形成羟基化多溴二苯醚（OH-BDEs）。虽然已有研究探讨了啮齿动物和鱼类暴露于PBDEs所引发的行为缺陷或改变，但迄今为止，尚无研究探究暴露于OH-BDEs的行为影响，而OH-BDEs已被证明比PBDEs具有更强的内分泌干扰潜力。在本研究中，斑马鱼（Danio rerio）在胚胎和幼体发育阶段（受精后0至6天，dpf）暴露于一种PBDE代谢物，即6-羟基-2,2',4,4'-四溴二苯醚（10-50 nM），随后检测其短期和长期行为影响。作为幼体（6 dpf）进行测试的暴露斑马鱼，在明暗转换测试中表现出游泳反应改变，与对照鱼相比，在明期活动减少。当在0至6 dpf期间暴露的斑马鱼作为幼鱼（45 dpf）进行测试时，它们在新环境探索和习惯化学习测试中表现出恐惧反应增加和多动。这些结果表明，生命早期暴露于PBDE代谢物可对活动水平、习惯化以及恐惧/焦虑产生即时或后期（暴露后一个多月）影响。
