微小 RNA 及其在神经组织工程中的潜在治疗应用。
MicroRNAs and their potential therapeutic applications in neural tissue engineering.
机构信息
Division of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore.
Division of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore.
出版信息
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2015 Jul 1;88:53-66. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.05.007. Epub 2015 May 13.
The inherent poor regeneration capacity of nerve tissues, especially in the central nervous system, poses a grand challenge for neural tissue engineering. After injuries, the local microenvironment often contains potent inhibitory molecules and glial scars, which do not actively support axonal regrowth. MicroRNAs can direct fate of neural cells and are tightly controlled during nerve development. Thus, RNA interference using microRNAs is a promising method to enhance nerve regeneration. Although the physiological roles of microRNA expression levels in various cellular activities or disease conditions have been extensively investigated, the translational use of these understanding for neural tissue engineering remains limited. This review aims to highlight essential microRNAs that participate in cellular behaviors within the adult nervous system and their potential therapeutic applications. In addition, possible delivery methods are also suggested for effective gene silencing in neural tissue engineering.
神经组织，尤其是中枢神经系统，本身再生能力较差，这对神经组织工程来说是一个巨大的挑战。在损伤后，局部微环境中常常含有有效的抑制分子和神经胶质瘢痕，它们不能积极地支持轴突的再生。MicroRNAs 可以指导神经细胞的命运，并在神经发育过程中受到严格控制。因此，使用 MicroRNAs 的 RNA 干扰是增强神经再生的一种很有前途的方法。尽管 MicroRNA 表达水平在各种细胞活动或疾病状态下的生理作用已经被广泛研究，但将这些认识应用于神经组织工程仍然有限。本综述旨在强调参与成年神经系统细胞行为的重要 MicroRNAs 及其潜在的治疗应用。此外，还提出了一些可能的传递方法，以实现在神经组织工程中有效基因沉默。
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