Mohamed Sara, Favrod Vincent, Philippe Roberta Antonini, Hauw Denis
Group of Research of the Institute of Sport Science of the University of Lausanne (GRISSUL) , Switzerland.
J Sports Sci Med. 2015 May 8;14(2):340-6. eCollection 2015 Jun.
The aim of this study was to determine how risks associated with skydiving can be managed within acceptable limits. Using "Course-of-Action" theory described by Theureau, four experienced skydivers viewed recordings of their jumps, from preparation to landing, to elicit their perceptions of these experiences. The sequences dealing with safety concerns were then extracted. Data analysis revealed seven typical sequences of activity to manage safety, labeled "To check the material during preparation," "To feel prepared and safe for the jump as the plane gains altitude," "To use the time of freefall," "To deploy the parachute," "To fly safely," "To ensure a safe landing" and "To organize the structured packing of the parachute." These results showed how the skydivers mitigated safety risks through a heightened awareness of critical elements in the unfolding jump activity and sequences of distributed and timed concerns and actions. The implications for accident analysis, prevention and education for training in risky sports activity are provided. Key pointsThe skydivers' activity could be broken down into seven safety sequences.Each safety sequence was defined by specific involvements and directions at the very moment of the situation.Skydivers' safety concerns are embedded in the succession of two types of temporal horizon organization: immediate and short-term.
本研究的目的是确定如何将与跳伞相关的风险控制在可接受的范围内。利用特鲁罗描述的“行动过程”理论，四名经验丰富的跳伞者观看了他们从准备到着陆的跳伞录像，以引出他们对这些经历的看法。然后提取了处理安全问题的片段。数据分析揭示了七种管理安全的典型活动片段，分别标记为“准备期间检查装备”、“随着飞机上升高度，为跳伞做好准备并感到安全”、“利用自由落体时间”、“展开降落伞”、“安全飞行”、“确保安全着陆”以及“组织降落伞的结构化打包”。这些结果表明，跳伞者如何通过提高对展开的跳伞活动中关键要素以及分散和定时关注与行动顺序的认识来降低安全风险。文中还给出了对危险体育活动事故分析、预防及培训教育的启示。要点跳伞者的活动可细分为七个安全片段。每个安全片段在特定情境时刻由特定的参与和指示定义。跳伞者的安全关注点嵌入在两种时间视野组织的连续过程中：即时和短期。
