Wang Xiao-jun, Zhou Yang, Yan Yan-bin, Li Lei
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2015 Jan;26(1):199-206.
Agricultural policy in China's rural heartland is driving profound changes to traditional farming systems. A case study covering four decades mapped and recorded farming patterns and processes in Shizuitou Village, a rural village in northwest Shanxi. An integrated geospatial methodology from geography and anthropology was employed in the case study to record the changing dynamics of farming systems in Shizuitou Village to discover the long-term impacts of China's agricultural policies on village farming systems. Positive and negative impacts of agricultural policies on village farming systems were mapped, inventoried and evaluated using Participatory Geographic Information Systems (PGIS). The results revealed traditional polycultures are being gradually replaced by industrialized monocultures. The driving forces behind these farming changes come from a series of government agricultural policies aiming at modernization of farming systems in China. The goal of these policies was to spur rapid development of industrial agriculture under the guise of modernization but is leading to the decay of traditional farming systems in the village that maintained local food security with healthy land for hundreds of years. The paper concluded with a recommendation that in future, agricultural policy makers should strike a more reasonable balance between short-term agricultural profits and long-term farming sustainability based on the principles of ecological sustainable development under the context of global changes.
中国农村腹地的农业政策正在推动传统农业体系发生深刻变革。一项涵盖四十年的案例研究绘制并记录了山西省西北部一个乡村——石嘴头村的耕作模式和过程。该案例研究采用了地理学和人类学相结合的地理空间方法，记录石嘴头村农业体系不断变化的动态，以发现中国农业政策对乡村农业体系的长期影响。利用参与式地理信息系统（PGIS）绘制、盘点并评估了农业政策对乡村农业体系的正负影响。结果显示，传统的多元种植正逐渐被工业化单一作物种植所取代。这些农业变革背后的驱动力来自旨在实现中国农业体系现代化的一系列政府农业政策。这些政策的目标是以现代化为幌子刺激工业农业的快速发展，但却导致了村里传统农业体系的衰败，而这种传统农业体系数百年来一直利用健康的土地维持着当地的粮食安全。论文最后建议，未来农业政策制定者应在全球变化背景下，基于生态可持续发展原则，在短期农业利润和长期农业可持续性之间达成更合理的平衡。
