Liu Yu-xue, Lyu Hao-hao, Shi Yan, Wang Yao-feng, Zhong Zhe-ke, Yang Sheng-mao
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2015 Jan;26(1):304-10.
Controlling soil nutrient leaching in farmland ecosystems has been a hotspot in the research field of agricultural environment. Biochar has its unique physical and chemical properties, playing a significant role in enhancing soil carbon storage, improving soil quality and increasing crop yield. As a kind of new exogenous material, biochar has the potential in impacting soil nutrient cycling directly or indirectly, and has profound influences on soil nutrient leaching. This paper analyzed the intrinsic factors affecting how biochar affects soil nutrient leaching, such as the physical and chemical properties of biochar, and the interaction between biochar and soil organisms. Then the latest literatures regarding the external factors, including biochar application rates, soil types, depth of soil layer, fertilization conditions and temporal dynamics, through which biochar influences soil nutrient (especially nitrogen and phosphorus) leaching were reviewed. On that basis, four related action mechanisms were clarified, including direct adsorption of nutrients by biochar due to its micropore structure or surface charge, influencing nutrient leaching through increasing soil water- holding capacity, influencing nutrient cycling through the interaction with soil microbes, and preferential transport of absorbed nutrients by fine biochar particles. At last future research directions for better understanding the interactions between biochar and nutrient leaching in the soil were proposed.
控制农田生态系统中的土壤养分淋失一直是农业环境研究领域的热点。生物炭具有独特的物理和化学性质，在增强土壤碳储存、改善土壤质量和提高作物产量方面发挥着重要作用。作为一种新型外源物质，生物炭具有直接或间接影响土壤养分循环的潜力，并对土壤养分淋失有深远影响。本文分析了影响生物炭对土壤养分淋失作用的内在因素，如生物炭的物理化学性质以及生物炭与土壤生物之间的相互作用。然后综述了有关生物炭影响土壤养分（尤其是氮和磷）淋失的外部因素的最新文献，包括生物炭施用量、土壤类型、土层深度、施肥条件和时间动态。在此基础上，阐明了四种相关作用机制，包括生物炭因其微孔结构或表面电荷对养分的直接吸附、通过增加土壤持水量影响养分淋失、通过与土壤微生物相互作用影响养分循环以及细生物炭颗粒对吸附养分的优先运输。最后提出了未来更好地理解生物炭与土壤中养分淋失之间相互作用的研究方向。
