Melli L C F L, do Carmo-Rodrigues M S, Araújo-Filho H B, Solé D, de Morais M B
Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil; Biological and Health Sciences Department, University Center UNIFIEO, Osasco, São Paulo, Brazil.
Biological and Health Sciences Department, University Center UNIFIEO, Osasco, São Paulo, Brazil.
Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2016 Mar-Apr;44(2):177-88. doi: 10.1016/j.aller.2015.01.013. Epub 2015 May 16.
Evidence suggests that possible imbalances in intestinal microbiota composition may be implicated in the occurrence of allergic diseases. Although several studies published until 2006 indicated a correlation between microbiota composition and allergic symptoms, it has not been possible to distinguish protective microorganisms from those associated with increased risk of allergic diseases. Therefore, the objective of this study was to review the studies published since 2007 that address the intestinal microbiota in allergic diseases. Twenty-one studies were identified after excluding those that performed a clinical intervention before stool collection. In the early microbiota of children who later developed allergies, lower bacterial diversity was observed, with a predominance of Firmicutes; a higher count of Bacteroidaceae; a higher prevalence of the anaerobic bacteria Bacteroides fragilis, Escherichia coli, Clostridium difficile, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Bifidobacterium longum; and a lower prevalence of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, B. bifidum, and Lactobacillus. In the microbiota of allergic children whose intestinal microbiota was assessed at the onset of allergic symptoms, there was a higher count of Bacteroides; a lower count of Akkermansia muciniphila, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and Clostridium; a higher prevalence of B. adolescentis; a lower prevalence of B. catenulatum and Staphylococcus aureus; and a lower bacterial diversity.
有证据表明，肠道微生物群组成的可能失衡可能与过敏性疾病的发生有关。尽管截至2006年发表的几项研究表明微生物群组成与过敏症状之间存在相关性，但尚无法区分保护性微生物与那些与过敏性疾病风险增加相关的微生物。因此，本研究的目的是回顾2007年以来发表的关于过敏性疾病中肠道微生物群的研究。在排除那些在粪便采集前进行临床干预的研究后，共确定了21项研究。在后来发生过敏的儿童的早期微生物群中，观察到细菌多样性较低，以厚壁菌门为主；拟杆菌科数量较多；脆弱拟杆菌、大肠杆菌、艰难梭菌、链状双歧杆菌、两歧双歧杆菌和长双歧杆菌等厌氧菌的患病率较高；青春双歧杆菌、两歧双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌的患病率较低。在过敏症状发作时评估肠道微生物群的过敏儿童的微生物群中，拟杆菌数量较多；嗜黏蛋白阿克曼氏菌、普拉梭菌和梭菌数量较少；青春双歧杆菌患病率较高；链状双歧杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌患病率较低；细菌多样性较低。
