Kristensen Torsten Nygaard, Henningsen Astrid Kallestrup, Aastrup Christian, Bech-Hansen Mads, Bjerre Lise B Hoberg, Carlsen Benjamin, Hagstrup Marie, Jensen Sofie Graarup, Karlsen Pernille, Kristensen Line, Lundsgaard Cecillie, Møller Tine, Nielsen Lise D, Starcke Camilla, Sørensen Christine Riisager, Schou Mads Fristrup
Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Section of Biology and Environmental Science, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, DK-9220, Denmark.
Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, DK-8000, Denmark.
Insect Sci. 2016 Oct;23(5):771-9. doi: 10.1111/1744-7917.12239. Epub 2015 Jul 14.
Drosophila melanogaster is often used as a model organism in evolutionary biology and ecophysiology to study evolutionary processes and their physiological mechanisms. Diets used to feed Drosophila cultures differ between laboratories and are often nutritious and distinct from food sources in the natural habitat. Here we rear D. melanogaster on a standard diet used in our laboratory and a field diet composed of decomposing apples collected in the field. Flies developed on these two diet compositions are tested for heat, cold, desiccation, and starvation resistance as well as developmental time, dry body mass and fat percentage. The nutritional compositions of the standard and field diets were analyzed, and discussed in relation to the phenotypic observations. Results showed marked differences in phenotype of flies from the two types of diets. Flies reared on the field diet are more starvation resistant and they are smaller, leaner, and have lower heat resistance compared to flies reared on the standard diet. Sex specific effects of diet type are observed for several of the investigated traits and the strong sexual dimorphism usually observed in desiccation resistance in D. melanogaster disappeared when rearing the flies on the field diet. Based on our results we conclude that care should be taken in extrapolating results from one type of diet to another and especially from laboratory to field diets.
黑腹果蝇常被用作进化生物学和生态生理学的模式生物，以研究进化过程及其生理机制。不同实验室用于饲养果蝇培养物的食物不同，这些食物通常营养丰富，且与自然栖息地的食物来源不同。在这里，我们用实验室使用的标准食物和由野外收集的腐烂苹果组成的野外食物饲养黑腹果蝇。测试在这两种食物组成上发育的果蝇的耐热性、耐寒性、抗干燥性和抗饥饿性，以及发育时间、干体重和脂肪百分比。分析了标准食物和野外食物的营养成分，并结合表型观察结果进行了讨论。结果显示，两种食物饲养的果蝇在表型上存在显著差异。与用标准食物饲养的果蝇相比，用野外食物饲养的果蝇更耐饥饿，但体型更小、更瘦，耐热性也更低。在几个被研究的性状中观察到了食物类型的性别特异性影响，并且当在野外食物上饲养果蝇时，黑腹果蝇通常在抗干燥性方面观察到的强烈性别二态性消失了。基于我们的结果，我们得出结论，在将一种食物的结果外推到另一种食物时，尤其是从实验室食物到野外食物时，应谨慎行事。
