Gavriilidou N N, Pihlsgård M, Elmståhl S
Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2015 Sep;69(9):1066-75. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.73. Epub 2015 May 20.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Anthropometric measurement is a noninvasive and cost-efficient method for nutritional assessment. The study aims to present age- and gender-specific anthropometric reference data for Swedish elderly in relation to common medical conditions, and also formulate prediction equations for such anthropometric measurements.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: A cross-sectional study among random heterogeneous sample of 3360 subjects, aged 60-99 years, from a population study 'Good Aging in Scania. Means (±s.d.) and percentiles for height, weight, waist-, hip-, arm-, calf circumferences, triceps- (TST) and subscapular skinfold thickness (SST), body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and arm muscle circumference (AMC) were presented. The values were estimated based on the prevalence of myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac failure (CHF), stroke, cognitive impairment, dementia and dependence in daily living activities (ADL). Linear regression analysis was used to formulate the prediction equations.
Mean BMI was 27.5±5.8 kg/m(2) (men) and 27.2±8.1 kg/m(2) (women). WHR was higher among men (Men: 0.98±0.3, women: 0.87±0.2), except at age 85+ (women: 0.91±0.6). TST was 6.7±0.4 mm higher among women. Men with MI had BMI: 28.6±4.8 kg/m(2) and SST: 21±9.2 mm, whereas subjects with dementia had lower weight (by 9.5±2.9 kg) compared with the non-demented. ADL-dependent women had BMI= 29.0±3.9 kg/m(2), TST=19.2±1.3 mm.
New normative data on gender- and age-specific anthropometrics on the general elderly population are presented. Cardiovascular diseases are associated with subcutaneous and central adiposity opposed to fat loss with dementia. ADL dependence indicates inadequate physical activity. The prediction models could be used as possible indicators monitoring physical activity and adiposity among the general elderly population hence potential health indicators in health promotion.
背景/目的：人体测量是一种用于营养评估的非侵入性且经济高效的方法。本研究旨在呈现瑞典老年人与常见医疗状况相关的年龄和性别特异性人体测量参考数据，并制定此类人体测量的预测方程。
受试者/方法：对来自“斯坎尼亚良好老龄化”人群研究的3360名年龄在60 - 99岁的随机异质样本进行横断面研究。给出了身高、体重、腰围、臀围、臂围、小腿围、三头肌皮褶厚度（TST）和肩胛下皮褶厚度（SST）、体重指数（BMI）、腰臀比（WHR）和臂肌围（AMC）的均值（±标准差）和百分位数。这些值是根据心肌梗死（MI）、心力衰竭（CHF）、中风、认知障碍、痴呆和日常生活活动依赖（ADL）的患病率估算得出的。采用线性回归分析来制定预测方程。
男性的平均BMI为27.5±5.8 kg/m²，女性为27.2±8.1 kg/m²。男性的WHR更高（男性：0.98±0.3，女性：0.87±0.2），85岁及以上人群除外（女性：0.91±0.6）。女性的TST高6.7±0.4 mm。患有MI的男性BMI为28.6±4.8 kg/m²，SST为21±9.2 mm，而患有痴呆的受试者与非痴呆者相比体重更低（低9.5±2.9 kg）。依赖ADL的女性BMI = 29.0±3.9 kg/m²，TST = 19.2±1.3 mm。
给出了一般老年人群性别和年龄特异性人体测量学的新规范数据。心血管疾病与皮下和中心性肥胖相关，而痴呆则与脂肪减少相关。ADL依赖表明身体活动不足。这些预测模型可作为监测一般老年人群身体活动和肥胖的可能指标，因此也是健康促进中的潜在健康指标。
