Tevlin R, Walmsley G G, Marecic O, Hu Michael S, Wan D C, Longaker M T
Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Drug Deliv Transl Res. 2016 Apr;6(2):159-73. doi: 10.1007/s13346-015-0235-1.
Unlike many other postnatal tissues, bone can regenerate and repair itself; nevertheless, this capacity can be overcome. Traditionally, surgical reconstructive strategies have implemented autologous, allogeneic, and prosthetic materials. Autologous bone--the best option--is limited in supply and also mandates an additional surgical procedure. In regenerative tissue engineering, there are myriad issues to consider in the creation of a functional, implantable replacement tissue. Importantly, there must exist an easily accessible, abundant cell source with the capacity to express the phenotype of the desired tissue, and a biocompatible scaffold to deliver the cells to the damaged region. A literature review was performed using PubMed; peer-reviewed publications were screened for relevance in order to identify key advances in stem and progenitor cell contribution to the field of bone tissue engineering. In this review, we briefly introduce various adult stem cells implemented in bone tissue engineering such as mesenchymal stem cells (including bone marrow- and adipose-derived stem cells), endothelial progenitor cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells. We then discuss numerous advances associated with their application and subsequently focus on technological advances in the field, before addressing key regenerative strategies currently used in clinical practice. Stem and progenitor cell implementation in bone tissue engineering strategies have the ability to make a major impact on regenerative medicine and reduce patient morbidity. As the field of regenerative medicine endeavors to harness the body's own cells for treatment, scientific innovation has led to great advances in stem cell-based therapies in the past decade.
与许多其他产后组织不同，骨骼能够自我再生和修复；然而，这种能力可能会被克服。传统上，外科重建策略采用自体、异体和假体材料。自体骨——最佳选择——供应有限，而且还需要额外的手术。在再生组织工程中，在创建功能性、可植入替代组织时需要考虑无数问题。重要的是，必须有一个易于获取、丰富的细胞来源，其具有表达所需组织表型的能力，以及一个生物相容性支架，用于将细胞输送到受损区域。使用PubMed进行了文献综述；对同行评审的出版物进行相关性筛选，以确定干细胞和祖细胞在骨组织工程领域的关键进展。在本综述中，我们简要介绍了骨组织工程中使用的各种成体干细胞，如间充质干细胞（包括骨髓和脂肪来源的干细胞）、内皮祖细胞和诱导多能干细胞。然后，我们讨论了与其应用相关的众多进展，随后重点关注该领域的技术进展，最后阐述目前临床实践中使用的关键再生策略。在骨组织工程策略中实施干细胞和祖细胞有能力对再生医学产生重大影响并降低患者发病率。随着再生医学领域努力利用人体自身细胞进行治疗，在过去十年中，科学创新已使基于干细胞的疗法取得了巨大进展。
