Li Jinhui, Yang Jie, Liu Lili
Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Management and Environment Safety, Ministry of Education of China, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Management and Environment Safety, Ministry of Education of China, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Waste Manag Res. 2015 Jun;33(6):533-42. doi: 10.1177/0734242X15584839. Epub 2015 May 19.
Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE or e-waste) recycling industries in China have been through several phases from spontaneous informal family workshops to qualified enterprises with treatment fund. This study attempts to analyse the development potential of the e-waste recycling industry in China from the perspective of both time and scale potential. An estimation and forecast of e-waste quantities in China shows that, the total e-waste amount reached approximately 5.5 million tonnes in 2013, with 83% of air conditioners, refrigerators, washing machines, televisions sand computers. The total quantity is expected to reach ca. 11.7 million tonnes in 2020 and 20 million tonnes in 2040, which indicates a large increase potential. Moreover, the demand for recycling processing facilities, the optimal service radius of e-waste recycling enterprises and estimation of the profitability potential of the e-waste recycling industry were analysed. Results show that, based on the e-waste collection demand, e-waste recycling enterprises therefore have a huge development potential in terms of both quantity and processing capacity, with 144 and 167 e-waste recycling facilities needed, respectively, by 2020 and 2040. In the case that e-waste recycling enterprises set up their own collection points to reduce the collection cost, the optimal collection service radius is estimated to be in the range of 173 km to 239 km. With an e-waste treatment fund subsidy, the e-waste recycling industry has a small economic profit, for example ca. US$2.5/unit for television. The annual profit for the e-waste recycling industry overall was about 90 million dollars in 2013.
中国的废弃电子电气设备（WEEE，即电子垃圾）回收行业经历了几个阶段，从自发的非正式家庭作坊发展到拥有处理基金的合格企业。本研究试图从时间和规模潜力的角度分析中国电子垃圾回收行业的发展潜力。对中国电子垃圾数量的估计和预测表明，2013年电子垃圾总量约达550万吨，其中空调、冰箱、洗衣机、电视机和电脑占83%。预计到2020年总量将达到约1170万吨，到2040年将达到2000万吨，这表明有很大的增长潜力。此外，还分析了对回收处理设施的需求、电子垃圾回收企业的最佳服务半径以及电子垃圾回收行业的盈利潜力估计。结果表明，根据电子垃圾收集需求，电子垃圾回收企业在数量和处理能力方面都有巨大的发展潜力，到2020年和2040年分别需要144个和167个电子垃圾回收设施。如果电子垃圾回收企业设立自己的收集点以降低收集成本，最佳收集服务半径估计在173公里至239公里之间。在有电子垃圾处理基金补贴的情况下，电子垃圾回收行业有微薄的经济利润，例如电视机约为2.5美元/台。2013年电子垃圾回收行业的年利润总体约为9000万美元。
