Min Jin-Young, Park Jae Bum, Lee Kyung-Jong, Min Kyoung-Bok
Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Chongno-gu Yongeun-dong 28, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, San 5, Wonchon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-721 Republic of Korea.
Ann Occup Environ Med. 2015 Mar 20;27:11. doi: 10.1186/s40557-015-0057-0. eCollection 2015.
This study investigated the impact of occupation on cognitive and physical function within an occupational window of the past 15 years using a nationally representative sample in Korea.
A total of 4,408 subjects aged 60 and older were selected from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA). Functional health was evaluated using the Korean versions of the Mental State Examination (K-MMSE), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (K-IADL), and Activities of Daily Living (K-ADL) measures.
The prevalence of lower function was higher among women than among men, and employed persons had better cognitive and physical function compared with the retired and unemployed. Longer work duration during the past 15 years significantly and positively affected all measures of function in men, whereas it only improved physical function in women. Manual laborers exhibited improved functional capacity with longer work durations over the past 15 years, although they presented lower functional scores compared with non-manual laborers. There was a curvilinear relationship of work duration with cognitive and physical function among men and manual laborers.
In our population, longer work duration, especially for men and for manual laborers, appears to be a significant contributor to the cognitive and physical function of older people.
本研究利用韩国具有全国代表性的样本，调查了过去15年职业窗口内职业对认知和身体功能的影响。
从韩国老年纵向研究（KLoSA）中选取了4408名60岁及以上的受试者。使用韩国版的精神状态检查（K-MMSE）、日常生活工具性活动（K-IADL）和日常生活活动（K-ADL）量表对功能健康进行评估。
女性功能低下的患病率高于男性，与退休和失业者相比，就业人员的认知和身体功能更好。过去15年中较长的工作时长对男性的所有功能指标均有显著的正向影响，而对女性仅改善了身体功能。体力劳动者在过去15年中工作时长越长，功能能力有所改善，尽管与非体力劳动者相比其功能得分较低。男性和体力劳动者的工作时长与认知和身体功能之间存在曲线关系。
在我们的研究人群中，较长的工作时长，尤其是男性和体力劳动者的工作时长，似乎是老年人认知和身体功能的一个重要影响因素。
