Ould Hamouda Hassina, Delplanque Bernadette, Benomar Yacir, Crépin Delphine, Riffault Laure, LeRuyet Pascale, Bonhomme Cécile, Taouis Mohammed
Neuroendocrinologie Moléculaire de la Prise AlimentaireUniversity of Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, F-91405 Orsay, FranceNeuroendocrinologie Moléculaire de la Prise AlimentaireCNRS, Centre de Neurosciences Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, F-91405 Orsay, FranceService NutritionLactalis Recherche et Développement, 8 Fromy, CS 60082, 35240 Retiers, FranceLactalis Nutrition Parc d'Activité de Torcé-secteur Est35370 Torcé, France Neuroendocrinologie Moléculaire de la Prise AlimentaireUniversity of Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, F-91405 Orsay, FranceNeuroendocrinologie Moléculaire de la Prise AlimentaireCNRS, Centre de Neurosciences Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, F-91405 Orsay, FranceService NutritionLactalis Recherche et Développement, 8 Fromy, CS 60082, 35240 Retiers, FranceLactalis Nutrition Parc d'Activité de Torcé-secteur Est35370 Torcé, France.
Neuroendocrinologie Moléculaire de la Prise AlimentaireUniversity of Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, F-91405 Orsay, FranceNeuroendocrinologie Moléculaire de la Prise AlimentaireCNRS, Centre de Neurosciences Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, F-91405 Orsay, FranceService NutritionLactalis Recherche et Développement, 8 Fromy, CS 60082, 35240 Retiers, FranceLactalis Nutrition Parc d'Activité de Torcé-secteur Est35370 Torcé, France.
J Endocrinol. 2015 Jul;226(1):67-80. doi: 10.1530/JOE-15-0076. Epub 2015 May 20.
Malnutrition in the elderly is accompanied by several metabolic dysfunctions, especially alterations in energy homeostasis regulation and a loss of insulin responsiveness. Nutritional recommendations aim to enrich food with high protein and energy supplements, and protein composition and lipid quality have been widely studied. Despite the numerous studies that have examined attempts to overcome malnutrition in the elderly through such nutritional supplementation, it is still necessary to study the effects of a combination of protein, lipids, and vitamin D (VitD). This can be done in animal models of elderly malnutrition. In the present study, we investigated the effects of several diet formulae on insulin responsiveness, inflammation, and the hypothalamic expression of key genes that are involved in energy homeostasis control. To mimic elderly malnutrition in humans, elderly Wistar rats were food restricted (R, -50%) for 12 weeks and then refed for 4 weeks with one of four different isocaloric diets: a control diet; a diet where milk soluble protein (MSP) replaced casein; a blend of milk fat, rapeseed, and DHA (MRD); or a full formula (FF) diet that combined MSP and a blend of MRD (FF). All of the refeeding diets contained VitD. We concluded that: (i) food restriction led to the upregulation of insulin receptor in liver and adipose tissue accompanied by increased Tnfα in the hypothalamus; (ii) in all of the refed groups, refeeding led to similar body weight gain during the refeeding period; and (iii) refeeding with MSP and MRD diets induced higher food intake on the fourth week of refeeding, and this increase was associated with reduced hypothalamic interleukin 6 expression.
老年人营养不良伴有多种代谢功能障碍，尤其是能量稳态调节改变和胰岛素反应性丧失。营养建议旨在用高蛋白和能量补充剂丰富食物，并且对蛋白质组成和脂质质量进行了广泛研究。尽管有大量研究探讨了通过此类营养补充来克服老年人营养不良的尝试，但仍有必要研究蛋白质、脂质和维生素D（VitD）组合的效果。这可以在老年营养不良的动物模型中进行。在本研究中，我们研究了几种饮食配方对胰岛素反应性、炎症以及参与能量稳态控制的关键基因在下丘脑的表达的影响。为了模拟人类的老年营养不良，对老年Wistar大鼠进行12周的食物限制（R，-50%），然后用四种不同的等热量饮食之一再喂养4周：对照饮食；用乳清蛋白（MSP）替代酪蛋白的饮食；乳脂肪、油菜籽和DHA的混合物（MRD）；或结合MSP和MRD混合物的全配方（FF）饮食。所有再喂养饮食都含有VitD。我们得出以下结论：（i）食物限制导致肝脏和脂肪组织中胰岛素受体上调，同时下丘脑Tnfα增加；（ii）在所有再喂养组中，再喂养导致再喂养期间体重增加相似；（iii）用MSP和MRD饮食再喂养在再喂养的第四周诱导更高的食物摄入量，并且这种增加与下丘脑白细胞介素6表达降低有关。
