Cardoso Bárbara Rita, Roberts Blaine R, Bush Ashley I, Hare Dominic J
The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
Metallomics. 2015 Aug;7(8):1213-28. doi: 10.1039/c5mt00075k.
It is unsurprising that our understanding of the role of selenium in neurological function is somewhat immature, considering its relatively recent discovery as an essential element to human health. Selenocysteine, the 21st amino acid, is the defining feature of the 25 selenoprotein-encoding genes so far discovered within the human genome. The low abundance of these proteins in the brain belies the integral role they play in normal neurological function, from well-characterised antioxidant activity in the periphery to poorly understood mechanisms that modulate mitochondrial function and response to brain pathology. Selenium has been identified as playing a role in several neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, though its function as a 'cause or effect' of disease process remains unclear. This review discusses selenium metabolism in detail, specifically with regard to the role it plays within the central nervous system, and examines the most current literature investigating how selenium may be involved in chronic diseases of the central nervous system.
鉴于硒作为人体健康必需元素是相对较新才被发现的，我们对其在神经功能中的作用的理解尚不成熟也就不足为奇了。硒代半胱氨酸作为第21种氨基酸，是迄今为止在人类基因组中发现的25个编码硒蛋白的基因的决定性特征。这些蛋白质在大脑中的丰度较低，这掩盖了它们在正常神经功能中所起的不可或缺的作用，从外周已充分了解的抗氧化活性到对调节线粒体功能和对脑部病变反应的了解甚少的机制。硒已被确定在几种神经退行性疾病中发挥作用，包括阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病，但其作为疾病过程的“原因或结果”的功能仍不清楚。这篇综述详细讨论了硒代谢，特别是它在中枢神经系统中所起的作用，并研究了关于硒如何可能参与中枢神经系统慢性疾病的最新文献。
