Verstappen F T, Janssen G M, Does R J
Department of Human Biology/Institute Sportsmedicine Limburg, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Int J Sports Med. 1989 Oct;10 Suppl 3:S126-31. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1024960.
One hundred fourteen subjects (34 +/- 8 years) without any competition background took part in an endurance training study to be completed after 1.5 years with running a marathon. Ultimately, 60 males and 18 females achieved that goal. The training program, carefully supervised, was divided into three phases with a maximum of 45, 70, and 110 km/week training volume and concluded with a performance race of 15, 25, and 42.195 km, respectively. Three days before and 3 and 5 days after each race, 35 subjects were selected to perform a progressive treadmill test and the remaining subjects participated in performing field tests of running 400 and 1000 m. The maximal velocity achieved in the treadmill test was 4.75 +/- 0.36 m.s-1 for males and 4.18 +/- 0.28 m.s-1 for females; it remained constant throughout the study. However, the running velocity at 4 mmol.1(-1) plasma lactate concentration increased about 10% from phase 1 to 3. In the females this rise already appeared to be completed in phase 2. Heart rate showed a tendency to increase at both submaximal and maximal exercise from training phase 1 to 2 and 3, whereas plasma lactate concentration showed a decreasing tendency. Three days after the 25 km and the marathon race the maximal running velocity in the exercise test was 2%-4% lower compared with the pre-race test (P less than 0.05). Five days after the race this difference again faded away. This small decline in running performance was not reflected in changes of physiologic responses such as heart rate or plasma lactate concentration.
114名无任何竞赛背景的受试者（34±8岁）参与了一项耐力训练研究，该研究为期1.5年，以完成马拉松比赛为目标。最终，60名男性和18名女性达成了该目标。在精心监督下，训练计划分为三个阶段，每周最大训练量分别为45、70和110公里，并分别以15、25和42.195公里的达标赛结束。每次比赛前3天以及比赛后3天和5天，挑选35名受试者进行递增式跑步机测试，其余受试者参与400米和1000米跑步的实地测试。跑步机测试中男性达到的最大速度为4.75±0.36米/秒，女性为4.18±0.28米/秒；在整个研究过程中保持不变。然而，血浆乳酸浓度为4毫摩尔/升时的跑步速度从第1阶段到第3阶段提高了约10%。在女性中，这种提高在第2阶段似乎已经完成。从训练第1阶段到第2阶段和第3阶段，心率在次最大和最大运动时均呈现上升趋势，而血浆乳酸浓度则呈下降趋势。在25公里和马拉松比赛后3天，运动测试中的最大跑步速度比赛前测试低2%-4%（P<0.05）。比赛后5天，这种差异再次消失。跑步成绩的这种小幅下降并未反映在心率或血浆乳酸浓度等生理反应的变化中。
