Rempel David, Barr Alan
Ergonomics Program, Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley ; Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco.
Ergonomics Program, Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley.
Saf Sci. 2015 Oct;78:20-24. doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2015.04.003.
Drilling holes into concrete with heavy hammer and rock drills is one of the most physically demanding tasks performed in commercial construction and poses risks for musculoskeletal disorders, noise induced hearing loss, hand arm vibration syndrome and silicosis. The aim of this study was to (1) use a participatory process to develop a rig to support pneumatic rock drills or large electric hammer drills in order to reduce the health risks and (2) evaluate the usability of the rig. Seven prototype rigs for supporting large hammer drills were developed and modified with feedback from commercial contractors and construction workers. The final design was evaluated by laborers and electricians (N=29) who performed their usual concrete drilling with the usual method and the new rig. Subjective regional fatigue was significantly less in the neck, shoulders, hands and arms, and lower back) when using the universal rig compared to the usual manual method. Usability ratings for the rig were significantly better than the usual method on stability, control, drilling, accuracy, and vibration. Drilling time was reduced by approximately 50% with the rig. Commercial construction contractors, laborers and electricians who use large hammer drills for drilling many holes should consider using such a rig to prevent musculoskeletal disorders, fatigue, and silicosis.
使用重锤和凿岩机在混凝土上钻孔是商业建筑中体力要求最高的任务之一，会带来肌肉骨骼疾病、噪声性听力损失、手臂振动综合征和矽肺病等风险。本研究的目的是：（1）通过参与式过程开发一种钻机，以支撑气动凿岩机或大型电锤钻，从而降低健康风险；（2）评估该钻机的可用性。在商业承包商和建筑工人的反馈下，开发并改进了七台用于支撑大型锤钻的原型钻机。由劳动者和电工（N = 29）对最终设计进行评估，他们分别使用常规方法和新钻机进行常规混凝土钻孔操作。与常规手动方法相比，使用通用钻机时，颈部、肩部、手部、手臂和下背部的主观局部疲劳明显减轻。该钻机在稳定性、控制、钻孔、精度和振动方面的可用性评级明显优于常规方法。使用该钻机钻孔时间减少了约50%。使用大型锤钻钻多个孔的商业建筑承包商、劳动者和电工应考虑使用这种钻机来预防肌肉骨骼疾病、疲劳和矽肺病。
