Department of Medicine, Sarder Patel Medical College and Associated Group of Hospitals, Bikaner, India.
Department of Medicine, Fortis Escorts Hospital, Jaipur, India.
Glob Heart. 2017 Sep;12(3):219-225. doi: 10.1016/j.gheart.2014.09.004. Epub 2015 Mar 26.
Coronary heart disease risk factors are widely prevalent among urban subjects in India but the prevalence of good cardiovascular health is unknown.
This multisite study sought to determine the prevalence of American Heart Association-defined ideal cardiovascular health factors.
The study was performed in 11 cities using cluster sampling. Middle-class urban subjects ages 20 to 75 years (N = 6,198; men: 3,426; women: 2,772, response: 62%) were evaluated for socioeconomic, biophysical, and biochemical factors. Prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health using 7-factor American Heart Association metric (nonsmoking, moderate or greater physical activity, low-fat, high-fruit/vegetable diet, body mass index <25 kg/m, untreated blood pressure <120/<80 mm Hg, cholesterol <200 mg/dl, and fasting glucose <100 mg/dl) was determined. Descriptive statistics are reported.
Age-adjusted prevalences of ideal health factors in men and women, respectively, were non-tobacco use in 72.0% and 89.6%, moderate physical activity in 20.1% and 20.6%, healthy diet in 10.6% and 10.6%, normal body mass index in 57.7% and 52.8%, normotension in 17.1% and 22.4%, normocholesterolemia in 72.4% and 72.7%, and normoglycemia in 57.4% and 59.5%. Prevalence of all the 7 health factors was in <1.0% in both men and women, any 6 in 3.4% and 3.5%, any 5 in 12.7% and 17.8%, any 4 in 36.9% and 44.7%, any 3 in 67.2% and 70.8%, any 2 in 89.1% and 92.4%, and 1 in 98.2% and 99.1%. Cardiovascular health was poor (1 to 3 factors) in 62.4% of men and 54.9% of women, average (4 to 5 factors) in 34.1% and 41.5%, and good (≥6 factors) in 3.5% and 3.6%. With increasing age, the behavioral health factors (tobacco use, physical activity, healthy diet) did not change, whereas others declined (p < 0.01). Clustering of average and good health factors also declined with age (p < 0.01). There were no socioeconomic status-related differences in prevalence of good cardiovascular health.
Good cardiovascular health factors-physical activity, healthy diet, and desirable body mass index, blood pressure, and glucose levels-are low in urban Asian Indians.
冠心病的危险因素在印度城市人群中广泛存在，但心血管健康良好的流行情况尚不清楚。
本多中心研究旨在确定美国心脏协会定义的理想心血管健康因素的流行情况。
该研究在 11 个城市采用聚类抽样进行。评估了年龄在 20 至 75 岁的中产阶级城市人群（N=6198；男性：3426；女性：2772，应答率：62%）的社会经济、生物物理和生化因素。采用美国心脏协会 7 因素指标（不吸烟、中等到较大强度的体力活动、低脂肪、高水果/蔬菜饮食、体质指数<25kg/m2、未治疗的血压<120/<80mmHg、胆固醇<200mg/dl 和空腹血糖<100mg/dl）来确定理想心血管健康的流行情况。报告描述性统计数据。
男女年龄调整后的理想健康因素的流行率分别为：不吸烟分别为 72.0%和 89.6%，中等体力活动分别为 20.1%和 20.6%，健康饮食分别为 10.6%和 10.6%，正常体重指数分别为 57.7%和 52.8%，正常血压分别为 17.1%和 22.4%，正常胆固醇水平分别为 72.4%和 72.7%，正常血糖水平分别为 57.4%和 59.5%。男女任何 7 项健康因素均<1.0%，任何 6 项健康因素均为 3.4%和 3.5%，任何 5 项健康因素均为 12.7%和 17.8%，任何 4 项健康因素均为 36.9%和 44.7%，任何 3 项健康因素均为 67.2%和 70.8%，任何 2 项健康因素均为 89.1%和 92.4%，1 项健康因素均为 98.2%和 99.1%。男性有 62.4%和女性有 54.9%的心血管健康状况较差（1 至 3 项因素），有 34.1%和 41.5%的男性和女性的心血管健康状况一般（4 至 5 项因素），有 3.5%和 3.6%的男性和女性的心血管健康状况良好（≥6 项因素）。随着年龄的增长，行为健康因素（吸烟、体力活动、健康饮食）没有变化，而其他因素则下降（p<0.01）。平均和良好健康因素的聚类也随着年龄的增长而下降（p<0.01）。社会经济地位与良好心血管健康的流行情况无关。
在亚洲印度城市人群中，身体活动、健康饮食和理想的体重指数、血压和血糖水平等心血管健康因素较低。
