Guo Yin, Duan Jia Li, Liu Li Juan, Sun Ying, Tang Ping, Lv Yan Yun, Xu Liang, Jonas Jost B
Tongren Eye Care Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
PLoS One. 2017 Nov 9;12(11):e0187396. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187396. eCollection 2017.
To assess prevalence and associated factors of myopia and high myopia in schoolchildren in Greater Beijing.
The school-based, cross-sectional Greater Beijing School Children Myopia study was carried out in the year 2016 in 54 schools randomly selected from 15 districts in Beijing. Non-cycloplegic auto-refractometry of the right eyes was performed.
The study included 35,745 (99.4%) out of 35,968 eligible pupils with a mean age of 12.6±3.4 years (range 6-18 years). Prevalence of myopia defined as myopic refractive error of ≥-0.50 diopters (D),≥-1D,≥-6D,≥-8D and ≥-10D was 70.9%(95% confidence intervals (CI):70.5,71.4), 60.9% (95%CI:60.4,61.4), 8.6%(95%CI:8.4,8.9), 2.2%(95%CI:2.0,2.4), and 0.3% (95%CI:0.3,0.4), respectively. The frequency of high myopia (≥-6D, ≥-8D, ≥-10D) increased from 1.5% (95%CI:1.0,2.0), 0.4% (95%CI:0.1,0.6) and 0.1% (95%CI:0.00,0.02), respectively in 10-year-olds to 19.4% (95%CI:17.3,21.6), 5.2% (95%CI:4.0,6.4) and 0.9% (95%CI:0.4,1.5), respectively, in 18-year-olds. Mean refractive error in the 18-year-olds was -3.74±2.56D (median:-3.63D;range:-19.6D to + 6.25D). Higher prevalence of high myopia (≥-6D and ≥-8D) was correlated (all P<0.001) with older age (OR:1.18, and 1.15, respectively), female gender (OR: 1.44 and 1.40, respectively), higher body mass index (OR: 1.02 and 1.03, respectively), taller body height (OR: 1.03 and 1.02, respectively), urban region of habitation (OR: 1.26 and 1.33, respectively) and higher school type (OR:1.57 and 2.22, respectively). Prevalence of severe high myopia (≥-10D) was associated only with older age (P<0.001; OR: 1.44; 95%CI: 1.31, 1.59) but not with any education-related parameter such as higher school type (P = 0.48), urban region of habitation (P = 0.07) or female gender (P = 0.37).
In this most recent survey, prevalence of high myopia (≥-6D:19.4%;≥-8D:5.2%;≥-10D:0.9%) in 18-year-old school children was higher than in previous surveys from mainland China. In contrast to minor high myopia and moderate high myopia (defined as myopic refractive error of <-10D), severe high myopia (myopic refractive error ≥-10D) was not strongly correlated with educational parameters.
评估北京地区学龄儿童近视及高度近视的患病率及其相关因素。
2016年在北京15个区随机选取54所学校开展了一项基于学校的横断面研究——北京学龄儿童近视研究。对右眼进行非散瞳自动验光。
该研究纳入了35968名符合条件学生中的35745名（99.4%），平均年龄为12.6±3.4岁（范围6 - 18岁）。近视定义为近视屈光不正≥-0.50屈光度（D）、≥-1D、≥-6D、≥-8D和≥-10D时，其患病率分别为70.9%（95%置信区间（CI）：70.5,71.4）、60.9%（95%CI：60.4,61.4）、8.6%（95%CI：8.4,8.9）、2.2%（95%CI：2.0,2.4）和0.3%（95%CI：0.3,0.4）。高度近视（≥-6D、≥-8D、≥-10D）的发生率在10岁儿童中分别为1.5%（95%CI：1.0,2.0）、0.4%（95%CI：0.1,0.6）和0.1%（95%CI：0.00,0.02），在18岁儿童中分别增至19.4%（95%CI：17.3,21.6）、5.2%（95%CI：4.0,6.4）和0.9%（95%CI：0.4,1.5）。18岁儿童的平均屈光不正为-3.74±2.56D（中位数：-3.63D；范围：-19.6D至+6.25D）。高度近视（≥-6D和≥-8D）的较高患病率与年龄较大（OR分别为1.18和1.15）、女性（OR分别为1.44和1.40）、较高的体重指数（OR分别为1.02和1.03）、较高的身高（OR分别为1.03和1.02）、居住在城市地区（OR分别为1.26和1.33）以及较高的学校类型（OR分别为1.57和2.22）相关（所有P<0.001）。重度高度近视（≥-10D）的患病率仅与年龄较大相关（P<0.001；OR：1.44；95%CI：1.31,1.59），但与任何教育相关参数无关，如较高的学校类型（P = 0.48）、居住在城市地区（P = 0.07）或女性（P = 0.37）。
在这项最新调查中，18岁学龄儿童的高度近视（≥-6D：19.4%；≥-8D：5.2%；≥-10D：0.9%）患病率高于中国大陆以往的调查。与轻度高度近视和中度高度近视（定义为近视屈光不正<-10D）不同，重度高度近视（近视屈光不正≥-10D）与教育参数没有强烈关联。
