Benito Ángel, Calderón Fernando, Palomero Felipe, Benito Santiago
Departamento de Química y Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Molecules. 2015 May 26;20(6):9510-23. doi: 10.3390/molecules20069510.
Most red wines commercialized in the market use the malolactic fermentation process in order to ensure stability from a microbiological point of view. In this second fermentation, malic acid is converted into L-lactic acid under controlled setups. However this process is not free from possible collateral effects that on some occasions produce off-flavors, wine quality loss and human health problems. In warm viticulture regions such as the south of Spain, the risk of suffering a deviation during the malolactic fermentation process increases due to the high must pH. This contributes to produce wines with high volatile acidity and biogenic amine values. This manuscript develops a new red wine making methodology that consists of combining the use of two non-Saccharomyces yeast strains as an alternative to the traditional malolactic fermentation. In this method, malic acid is totally consumed by Schizosaccharomyces pombe, thus achieving the microbiological stabilization objective, while Lachancea thermotolerans produces lactic acid in order not to reduce and even increase the acidity of wines produced from low acidity musts. This technique reduces the risks inherent to the malolactic fermentation process when performed in warm regions.The result is more fruity wines that contain less acetic acid and biogenic amines than the traditional controls that have undergone the classical malolactic fermentation.
市场上商业化销售的大多数红葡萄酒都采用苹果酸-乳酸发酵工艺,以便从微生物学角度确保稳定性。在这第二次发酵过程中,苹果酸在可控条件下转化为L-乳酸。然而,这个过程并非没有可能产生的附带影响,在某些情况下会产生异味、葡萄酒品质下降以及对人体健康的问题。在西班牙南部等温暖的葡萄种植区,由于葡萄汁pH值较高,苹果酸-乳酸发酵过程中出现偏差的风险增加。这导致生产出的葡萄酒具有较高的挥发酸和生物胺值。本论文开发了一种新的红葡萄酒酿造方法,该方法包括使用两种非酿酒酵母菌株作为传统苹果酸-乳酸发酵的替代方法。在这种方法中,粟酒裂殖酵母完全消耗苹果酸,从而实现微生物稳定的目标,而耐热有孢汉逊酵母产生乳酸,以便不降低甚至增加由低酸度葡萄汁酿造的葡萄酒的酸度。当在温暖地区进行时,这种技术降低了苹果酸-乳酸发酵过程固有的风险。结果是酿造出的葡萄酒比经过传统苹果酸-乳酸发酵的对照葡萄酒更具果香,含有更少的乙酸和生物胺。